The Gracilis Free Flap
The gracilis free flap is the ideal modality of emotive and spontaneous facial reanimation in patients with a viable contralateral facial nerve. A 2-stage procedure with a cross-face nerve graft…
Temporalis Muscle Tendon Unit Transfer for Smile Restoration After Facial Paralysis
Temporalis muscle tendon unit (MTU) transfer may be used as a single-stage procedure for dynamic reanimation of the paralyzed face. Principles and biomechanics of muscle function and tendon transposition are…
Static Facial Slings
Facial paralysis results from a variety of different causes. Patients with facial paralysis have cosmetic and functional defects that significantly affect quality of life. Surgical intervention has the potential to…
Management of the Eye in Facial Paralysis
The preoperative assessment of the eye in facial paralysis is a critical component of surgical management. The degree of facial nerve paralysis, lacrimal secretion, corneal sensation, and lower eyelid position…
Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Facial Paralysis
This article reviews the current literature supporting the use of botulinum toxin in producing symmetric facial features and reducing unwanted, involuntary movements. Methods, protocols, and adverse events are discussed. Additionally,…
Bell’s Palsy
Bell’s palsy is unilateral, acute onset facial paralysis that is a common condition. One in every 65 people experiences Bell’s palsy in the course of their lifetime. The majority of…
Facial Paralysis: State of the Art
Daniel S. Alam, MD, FACS, Editor Smiling is in many regards the most fundamental form of human communication. It is the simplest link from one person to another, a wordless…
Complications in Eyelid Surgery
Eyelid surgery consists of challenging reconstructive and cosmetic procedures. Because of the complex anatomy and corresponding vital functions of the upper and lower eyelids, the avoidance of eyelid complications is…
Lower Eyelid Reconstruction
Lower eyelid defects are common, and a systematic approach to reconstruction of the lower eyelid is required. Attention to the bilaminar eyelid anatomy and canthal support structures, with efforts to…
Upper Eyelid Reconstruction
Reconstruction of the upper eyelid is complicated because the eyelid must retain mobility, flexibility, function, and a suitable mucosal surface over the delicate cornea. Defects of the upper eyelid may…
