The Role of Estrogen Deficiency in Skin Aging and Wound Healing
Fig. 6.1 Human skin is structurally altered with age. Left inner arm skin from a young subject with abundant rete ridges. Right inner arm skin from an aged subject lacks…
Autoimmune Skin Diseases: Role of Sex Hormones, Vitamin D, and Menopause
Fig. 26.1 Possible explanation for increased rheumatic autoimmune diseases in women. Blue and pink represent testosterone (Te) and estrogen (E2), respectively. As men and women age the estrogen to testosterone…
Genes, Hormones, Immunosenescence, and Environmental Agents: Toward an Integrated View of the Genesis of Autoimmune Disease
Autoimmune disease Percent female patients (highest estimate) X chromosome MHC/HLA association (selected) Non-MHC gene associations Autoimmune hepatitis Type I 9:1 NA A1-88 IgA [5] Type II: 3:1 [5] DRB* 0301…
The Effects of Menopause on Autoimmune Diseases
Fig. 23.1 Interaction between genetic factors, estrogen, and aging in the development of Th1/TH2 differentiation and subsequent autoimmune diseases in aging women (Reprinted with permission from Expert Rev Obs Gyn…
Dermatologic Conditions of the Vulva During Menopause
Acute Bacterial or fungal infections Contact dermatitis Chronic Dermatoses Lichen sclerosus Lichen simplex chronicus/squamous cell hyperplasia Other dermatoses Vulvovaginal atrophy Neoplasia or preneoplastic lesions Vulvodynia Infection Human papillomavirus infection Vulvar…
Current and Emerging Treatment Options for Vulvovaginal Atrophy
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller, Nancy Fugate Woods and Howard I. Maibach (eds.)Skin, Mucosa and Menopause10.1007/978-3-662-44080-3_18 18. Current and Emerging Treatment Options for Vulvovaginal Atrophy Jill M. Krapf1 , Zoe Belkin2 , Frank Dreher3 and Andrew T. Goldstein4 (1) Department…
Gynaecological Problems Associated with Menopause
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller, Nancy Fugate Woods and Howard I. Maibach (eds.)Skin, Mucosa and Menopause10.1007/978-3-662-44080-3_16 16. Gynaecological Problems Associated with Menopause Aikaterini E. Deliveliotou1 (1) Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, “Aretaieion” University Hospital…
Sensory Perception on the Vulva and Extragenital Sites
Fig. 15.1 Schematic of the innervation of the vulva. A: Anterior cutaneous branches of the iliohypogastric nerve; B: Anterior labial branches of the ilioinguinal nerve; C: Genitofemoral nerve (both the…
Atrophic Vaginitis in the Menopause
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller, Nancy Fugate Woods and Howard I. Maibach (eds.)Skin, Mucosa and Menopause10.1007/978-3-662-44080-3_14 14. Atrophic Vaginitis in the Menopause Ryan Sobel1 and Jack D. Sobel2 (1) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jefferson…
Skin Changes in Menopause
Vitamin D PTHrP Estrogens Androgens T3 MSH ACTH TRH GH The skin cells contain the entire biochemical apparatus necessary for production of glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens either from precursors of…
