Liposoluble Water soluble Others Vitamin E (tocopherol) Vitamin C Idebenone Green tea Lycopene Silymarin Selenium Curcumin Coffea arabica and coffee berry Resveratrol Pomegranate Genistein Polypodium leucotomos Niacinamide Pycnogenol The…
Definition Generalizeda Localizedb Provoked Present only with contact, sexual or nonsexual ✓ ✓ Unprovoked Present without contact ✓ ✓ Mixed Provoked & unprovoked ✓ ✓ aInvolvement of the entire vulva…
Fig. 17.1 Differences in structure between young and aged skin (Reproduced with permission from Farage [6]) 17.2.1 Epidermis This outer layer of the skin is composed primarily of keratinocytes, which…
Hormone or binding protein Younger adults Older adults Men Reference Women (premenopause) Reference Men Reference Women (postmenopause) Reference DHEAS ≈12 μmol/L Labrie et al. [2] ≈ 6 μmol/L Labrie et…
Continent Country First author Number of subjects Age range Mean age Median age Europe Europe Dratva [41] 5,288 30–60 54 North America United States Gold [36] 3,302 40–55 52.54 Asia…
Fig. 33.1 (a) Pre-procedure. (b) Seven days postoperative radiofrequency in lower eyelid. (c) Thirty days postoperative radiofrequency plus treatment with hyaluronic acid dermal filler Fig. 33.2 (a) Pre-procedure. (b) Immediately…
Site Menopausal statusa Observation Significanceb Reference Water barrier function (TEWL, g/m2·h) Forearm Premenopausal 3.7 ± 0.4 p < 0.05 Elsner and Maibach [6] Postmenopausal 2.6 ± 0.3 Vulva Premenopausal 14.8 ± 1.5 n.s. Postmenopausal 13.5 ± 1.8 Friction coefficient,…
Fig. 30.1 Relationship between estrogen and a woman’s reproductive phases and the occurrence of hot flushes. The reproductive phase is characterized by cyclic and predictable estrogen levels. During perimenopause, hormones…
Instrument Author Domains Score Cervantes Scale (CS) Palacios et al. [17] Four Responses are scored on a scale of 0–5. Since the CS is a negative scale, its “positive items”…
Dimensions A 36-item Short Form Health Survey SF-36 [28] Menopausal quality of life, MENQOL [26] Women’s Health Questionnaire, WHQ [28] 1 Physical functioning Vasomotor function Depressed mood 2 Role function…
