Plastic Surgery Key

Nose   BIOANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS Together with the eyes the nose forms the centerpiece for initial impression. It has a complex three-dimensional structure, and its skin is nonuniform. With its…

Lip   BIOANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS The lips and perioral region are central features of appearance. The lips also provide oral competence at rest and during mastication. They are central to…

Complications and Revisions   INTRODUCTION A surgeon should never perform a procedure for which he or she is incapable of dealing with potential adverse consequences. Even in the most capable…

Ear   ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS The ear is a complex cartilaginous structure enveloped by a thin fascia. The anterior surface is highly convoluted with a rich topography (Fig. 8.1). The…

Staged Pedicle Flaps   INTRODUCTION AND FLAP DYNAMICS Most operative wounds are suitably repaired with local adjacent tissue transfers. When a local flap is not able to achieve an aesthetic…

Eyelid and Periocular   BIOANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS The upper eyelid begins superiorly at the superior orbital crease beneath the eyebrow and ends at the free margin of the upper lid….

Forehead   BIOANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS The forehead extends from the hairline superiorly to the eyebrows inferiorly and merges into the temple laterally at the temporal fossa. The skin of the…

Transposition Flaps   INTRODUCTION A transposition flap is elevated from an area of laxity, lifted over an adjacent area of tissue, and transposed into an operative wound. Even more so…

Cheek   BIOANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS The cheek extends medially from the nasolabial fold and nasofacial sulcus laterally to the preauricular sulcus. Superomedially, the cheek ends at the infraorbital crease and…

Temple   BIOANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS The temple lies lateral to the eye and anterior to the ear. Its inferior border is defined by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone…