Like single-channel–type vascular malformations, combined lesions are categorized as slow-flow and fast-flow lesions. Many of the combined vascular malformations are associated with soft tissue and skeletal hypertrophy. This article discusses…
This article describes the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of arteriovenous malformation, capillary malformation–arteriovenous malformation, and PTEN-associated vascular anomaly. Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) results from an error in vascular development during…
Venous malformation results from an error in vascular morphogenesis. Although this condition is present at birth, it may not become evident until childhood or adolescence when it has grown large…
Lymphatic malformation results from an error in the embryonic development of the lymphatic system. Clinically, lymphatic malformation is characterized by the size of the malformed channels: microcystic, macrocystic, or combined…
Over the past decade, many changes and updates have occurred in the world of vascular anomalies, including their histopathology. An appreciation has developed that a combined team approach is optimal…
Vascular tumors of childhood are typically benign. The 4 most common types are infantile hemangioma (IH), congenital hemangioma (CH), kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE), and pyogenic granuloma (PG). Vascular tumors must be…
Capillary malformations (CMs) are the most common vascular malformations. They are comprised of the small vessels of the capillary network in skin and mucous membranes. In the vast majority of…
Medical imaging has become critically important in the diagnosis and treatment planning of vascular anomalies. The classification of lesions into fast-flow and slow-flow categories, the identification of a soft tissue…
Vascular anomalies are localized defects of vascular development. Most of them occur sporadically (ie, there is no familial history of lesions, yet in a few cases clear inheritance is observed)….
Vascular anomalies are disorders of the endothelium that can affect each part of the vasculature (capillaries, arteries, veins, or lymphatics). Although nearly always benign, vascular anomalies can involve any anatomic…
