The objectives of this article are to explain the mechanisms of injury that result in ischemia of the nipple areolar complex (NAC) after reduction mammaplasty or mastopexy, to offer recommendations…
Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of nipple–areolar complex (NAC) ischemia and necrosis are fundamental to the practice of breast surgery. Knowledge of breast anatomy, risk factors, and proper technique…
Breast reduction surgery has achieved one of the highest patient satisfaction rates among plastic surgery procedures. Most of the complications encountered are usually minor and related to wound healing. Revision…
Postoperative nipple malposition can be an aesthetically devastating problem for patients and a formidable challenge for surgeons. Reduction mammoplasty often includes plans to elevate the nipple-areolar complex (NAC); however, overelevation…
Recurrent or persistent macromastia can occur after breast reduction. This may be due to inadequate primary volume reduction, poor postoperative shape, and breast or nipple-areola complex asymmetry. Postpartum breast changes,…
Breast reduction is one of the most common plastic surgery procedures performed on the breast. There are now numerous alternatives to the standard inverted-T inferior pedicle technique. The short scar…
In this paper, we describe our experience with the Lejour vertical scar mammaplasty from its description throughout 25 years of practice. Our work aims to focus on reducing vertical scar mammaplasty…
Wise pattern breast reduction remains the most popular method of performing moderate- to large-sized breast reductions in the United States. Shape distortion after breast reduction can be a result of…
The incidence of occult breast cancer detected by reduction mammoplasty is 0.06% to 5.45%. Preoperative screening mammography is indicated in all women 40 years and older and in women age 35…
Breast reduction surgery is one of the most popular procedures performed by plastic surgeons; based on the current literature, it is safe and does not have a negative impact on…
