Immunology
Abstract The major purpose of the immune system is to provide protection against harmful agents. This is achieved by a rapid “primitive” reaction, called the innate immune response , and…
Dermatology
Molecular Biology
Abstract Advances in the methods used to analyze DNA, RNA, and proteins are transforming the practice of medicine and research. Traditional methods to assess individual genes or proteins are complemented…
Cutaneous Neurophysiology
Abstract Cutaneous neurophysiology encompasses specific itch mediators and nerve fibers that transmit itch peripherally and centrally. This chapter provides an overview of fundamental mechanisms of itch, from the skin to…
Anatomy and Physiology
Abstract Most reviews of the anatomy and physiology of skin begin with detailed descriptions of cellular composition, structural proteins, and extracellular matrix (“ground substance”). Because each of these subjects, with…
Skin Development and Maintenance
Abstract This chapter focuses on key events and regulatory mechanisms that result in the morphogenesis, maintenance, and regeneration of the skin and its appendages. Understanding skin development provides essential insights…
Sarcoidosis
Key Points • Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that affects patients of all ages and ethnic groups. • Thorough multisystem evaluation of all patients is essential,…
Leg Ulcers
Abstract Leg ulcers are a frequent medical problem associated with considerable morbidity, increasing healthcare costs, and a decrease in the quality of life of patients. Approximately 70% of leg ulcers…
Cutaneous Drug Eruptions
Abstract Cutaneous drug reactions account for a large proportion of adverse drug reactions, can be very challenging to diagnose, and can mimic many other skin diseases. This chapter includes a…
Oral Disease
Abstract Pathologic changes of the oral mucous membranes involve the full gamut of systemic diseases ranging from genetic and autoimmune disorders, infections and neoplastic diseases, and the complications of our…
Nail Signs of Systemic Disease
Abstract Nail abnormalities may reveal signs of systemic diseases and often correlate to pathology in the nail matrix or nail bed. There are specific and nonspecific nail signs, which may…
