Implant materials
The craniofacial skeleton can be reconstructed with both autogenous bone and alloplastic implants. Alloplastic implants are used only as onlay grafts to the native skeleton to improve facial contour and…
Craniofacial surgery
Principles and operative technique for facial skeletal augmentation
This chapter presents the principles and basic steps of the senior author’s operative technique for implant augmentation of the facial skeleton. Preparation In anticipation of implant surgery, steps to minimize…
Indications for facial implants
The shape of the human face is composed of a skeletal bony framework that is covered by a soft tissue envelope. Overall, skeletal proportions are probably the most important component…
Evaluation and planning for facial implant surgery
Physical examination is the most important element of preoperative assessment and planning for both reconstructive and cosmetic procedures. Reviewing photographic images with the patient can be helpful when discussing aesthetic…
Management of Pediatric Mandible Fractures
Management of Pediatric Mandible Fractures Nataliya Biskup Brian S. Pan DEFINITION The pediatric facial skeleton is largely protected from fractures due to larger facial fat pads, more malleable bone, and…
Surgical Correction of Pediatric Midface Fractures
Surgical Correction of Pediatric Midface Fractures Eric Lowry Cole Shelby R. Lies DEFINITION Le Fort fracture Le Fort I dentoalveolar separation including pterygoid plates Le Fort II bilateral pyramidal fracture…
Pediatric Orbital Fractures
Pediatric Orbital Fractures James Y. Liau DEFINITION Fractures of the inferior and/or medial orbital wall ANATOMY The orbit consists of seven bones; however, the ones that are involved are invariably…
Surgical Correction of Panfacial Fractures
Surgical Correction of Panfacial Fractures Detlev Erdmann David B. Powers DEFINITION The facial skeleton is composed of four subunits: frontal, upper midface, lower midface, and mandible. Panfacial fractures are defined…
Surgical Correction of Nonunion of Mandible Fracture
Surgical Correction of Nonunion of Mandible Fracture Howard D. Wang Arthur J. Nam Amir H. Dorafshar DEFINITION Nonunion of a mandible fracture occurs when there is a failure of the…
Open Treatment of Condyle Fractures
Open Treatment of Condyle Fractures Michael Lypka DEFINITION Condyle fractures of the mandible refer to a group of fractures involving the condylar head, neck, and base (FIG 1).1 There have…
