Premaxillary Segment Setback Omri Emodi DEFINITION Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common birth defect with a prevalence of 17 in every 10 000 live births.1 OFCs are most common…

Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (SARPE) Omri Emodi Nezar Watted Adi Rachmiel DEFINITION Maxillary transverse deficiency can be treated either orthodontically or surgically using rapid palatal expansion (RPE). This technique,…

Orbital Expansion for Anophthalmia and Microphthalmia Brad Morrow Rogerio I. Neves DEFINITION Anophthalmia, either congenital or acquired, is a rare condition in the pediatric population. Development of the globe is…

Facial Bipartition Jessica A. Ching Christopher R. Forrest DEFINITION Orbital hypertelorism, or hypertelorbitism, is increased distance between the bony orbits and represents true lateralization of the orbits (FIG 1). Interorbital…

Box and U-Shaped Osteotomies Sunil Tholpady Robert J. Havlik Barry L. Eppley DEFINITION Orbital dystopia is used to describe a vertical or horizontal displacement of the entire orbit and its…

Endoscopically Assisted Approaches for Craniosynostosis Timothy W. Vogel Brian S. Pan DEFINITION Craniosynostosis is a condition caused by the premature fusion of calvarial sutures. The fused suture restricts the growth…

Craniopagus Twins David J. Dunaway Noor Ul Owase Jeelani DEFINITION Craniopagus twins (conjoined at the head; CPT) are extremely rare, occurring in about 1:2.5 million live births. They account for…

Alloplastic Reconstruction of the Calvarium Peter J. Taub DEFINITION Cranioplasty involves reconstruction of the bony anatomy of the skull. This may be done with autogenous bone grafts, an alloplastic implant,…

Three-Dimensional Implant Reconstruction for the Cranial Vault Barry L. Eppley Sunil Tholpady DEFINITION Three-dimensional (3D) implant reconstruction of the cranial vault involves the reconstruction of full-thickness skull defects with implants…

Cranioplasty Reconstruction With Autogenous Rib Graft Scott J. Rapp DEFINITION Cranial defects resulting from trauma, oncologic resection, decompressive craniotomies, osteomyelitis, congenital defects, and cranial vault expansion/remodeling for craniosynostosis may require…