Key points • The male skull is longer and broader compared with the female skull, whereas the female skull has a more pointed chin and tapered jaw. • Frontal bossing…

Key points • Look at the patient: Your eye is the best tool to evaluate both the premorbid injury as well as your repair. It is imperative that you learn…

Key points • Over the past two decades, success achieved by composite tissue allografts (CTA) in restoration of many functional and aesthetic deficits of the face has caused a paradigm…

Key points • The facial skeleton provides the underlying frame for the face, and its configuration influences the facial rejuvenation surgery that should be done. • Age-related changes in the…

Key points • Skin, fat, muscle, fascia, tendon, and bone can all be differentially carried on vascular pedicles from various donor sites in the provision of vascularized tissue to the…

Key points • Skeletal augmentation and soft tissue augmentation can be complementary but are not interchangeable. • Patients with deficient infraorbital rim projection can be predisposed to lower lid malposition…

Key points • As the aesthetic impact of orthognathic surgery is increasingly appreciated, occlusal plane rotation may be used by the surgeon to optimize facial balance. This approach requires bimaxillary…

Key points • The advantage of using CBCT is the accurate visualization of the root angulations. • Initial records using CBCT technology and intraoral scans of the dentitions can be…

Key points • Cephalometric analysis is performed in three-dimensions to allow the surgeon and the orthodontist to address asymmetry in all three planes. • The time-consuming laboratory process of facebow…

• Skeletal contouring can add convexity to the profile and narrow the face from the frontal view. • Procedures on the zygoma, mandible, and chin are usually combined to obtain…