Plastic Surgery Key

  I.  CRANIOFACIAL EMBRYOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT A.  Skeletal tissues of head and face derive from mesenchyme and cranial neural crest cells B.  Bone formed through both endochondral and intramembranous ossification (Fig. 27-1) 1.  Skull development…

  I.  FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO FACIAL AGING A.  Sun damage (photoaging): Atrophy, loss of skin tone, and pigmentation changes B.  Significant weight gain or loss. Increased facial fat deposits will confer a more youthful…

  I.  SKIN EMBRYOLOGY A.  Epidermis: Ectoderm B.  Dermis: Mesoderm C.  Other cells 1.  Melanocytes: Neural crest 2.  Merkel cells: Neural cells 3.  Langerhans cells: Mesenchymal II.  SKIN HISTOLOGY A.  Epidermis 1.  Keratinocytes a.  Primary cell in epidermis b.  Start in basal layer…

  I.  PRESSURE SORE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT A.  Definition: Necrosis and ulceration of tissue from pressure B.  Etiology/mechanism 1.  *Tissue ischemia from external pressures exceeding the closing pressure of nutrient capillaries (32 mmHg) for a…

ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BREAST   I.  GLAND A.  Boundaries 1.  Superior: Second rib or clavicle 2.  Inferior: Sixth rib 3.  Medial: Sternal edge 4.  Lateral: Midaxillary line, extends into axilla as axillary tail of Spence…

  I.  NASAL ANATOMY (FIG. 30-1) A.  Skin: The thickness of nasal skin is a crucial consideration during preoperative analysis 1.  Thickness varies between ethnic populations 2.  Thin skin will readily reveal the underlying structural…

  I.  OVERVIEW A.  Cleft lip (CL) and cleft lip and palate (CLP) versus cleft palate (CP) only 1.  CL and CLP are the same entity along a morphologic continuum (Fig. 25-1) 2.  “CP only”…

  I.  SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM FOR THERMAL INJURY A.  Burns are a major source of morbidity: Approximately 2 million burns occur per year. B.  Burns result in over 60,000 hospitalizations and nearly 6,000…

HAND INFECTIONS   I.  GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS A.  Risk factors 1.  Diabetes 2.  IV drug abuse 3.  Immunocompromised state 4.  Alcoholism B.  Most common organisms 1.  *Staphylococcus aureus a.  *80% of all infections b.  Rising incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 2.  Streptococcus…

  I.  EXTERNAL EAR ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT A. Embryology of the External Ear 1.  Auricle a.  Arises from six condensations of mesoderm known as the Hillocks of His during the sixth week of gestation…