Raman frequency (cm−1) Assignment 526 ν(S–S) 600 ρ(C–H) 623 ν(C = S) 644 ν(C = S); amide IV 746 ρ(CH2) in phase 827 δ(CCH) aliphatic 850 δ(CCH) aromatic 883 ρ(CH2);…
Source Date Definition Oxford English Dictionary 1643 Substance “that has the power of softening or relaxing the living animal textures” Edwards (1940) 1940 “Since oils, fats and glycerin when applied…
Fig. 2.1 Simplified diagram showing a model for the stratum corneum with various defense lines against penetration of xenobiotics (Modified from Barry 1987) The integrity of human skin is also…
Country Year of endorsement National guideline or recommendation (title in English) References Australia 2000, 2006 Note for Guidance on Good Clinical Practice (CPMP/ICH/135/95) The Australian Clinical Trial Handbook, 2006 Therapeutic…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017Nina Dragicevic and Howard I. Maibach (eds.)Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Drug Penetration Into/Through the Skin10.1007/978-3-662-53270-6_22 22. Active Enhancement Methods in Transdermal Drug Delivery: Current Status and Future Perspectives Ryan F. Donnelly1 (1) School of…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017Nina Dragicevic and Howard I. Maibach (eds.)Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Drug Penetration Into/Through the Skin10.1007/978-3-662-53270-6_21 21. Perspectives on Dermal Delivery of Macromolecular Drugs Marianna Foldvari1 and P. Kumar2 (1) School of Pharmacy, University of…
S. No Enhancement method Technology Manufacturer Drug 1 Iontophoresis E-Trans® Alza Fentanyl 2 Iontophoresis Iontophoretic drug delivery system Iomed® Lidocaine and epinephrine 3 Microporation Microstructured transdermal system 3 M Hydrophilic…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017Nina Dragicevic and Howard I. Maibach (eds.)Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Drug Penetration Into/Through the Skin10.1007/978-3-662-53270-6_18 18. Retardation Strategies for Sunscreen Agents Katharina Bohnenblust-Woertz1 and Christian Surber2, 3 (1) Galderma Spirig, Egerkingen, Switzerland (2) University…
Fig. 17.1 Corneoxenometry. Aspect of a cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping stained by a toluidine blue-basic fuchsine after contact with a penetration enhancer. The staining of corneocytes is uneven and indicates…
Fig. 14.1 ATR-FTIR spectrum of porcine ear skin recorded at 32 °C, showing the typical skin bands Although it represents a very basic and simplified model of the human skin…
