Craniofacial clefts are extremely rare. In 1976, Paul Tessier developed a comprehensive numerical classification system to categorize craniofacial clefts based on precise anatomic location. In order to comprehend craniofacial cleft…
Craniosynostosis is a congenital condition characterized by the premature fusion of cranial sutures, disrupting normal skull and potentially brain growth. The current gold standard for nonsyndromic single-suture craniosynostosis is open…
Orbital hypertelorism may be seen in isolation or more commonly within the context of other congenital craniofacial dyscrasias such as craniosynostosis, midface hypoplasia, exorbitism, atypical orofacial clefting, and malocclusion. Careful…
This article reviews the key elements of anesthesia care for patients presenting for craniofacial surgeries, including preoperative evaluation and preparation, intraoperative management, and pain management strategies. Key points • Preoperative…
This article summarizes the contemporary ethics framework for helping to guide physicians in challenging medical decision-making. It provides a definition and a rationale for using the best interest standard, the…
