The treatment of vascular anomalies of the head and neck typically focuses on restoration of abnormal structures of the soft tissues. However, vascular anomalies can affect the craniofacial skeleton, and…
Proper care of the patient with a vascular anomaly requires the expertise of multiple specialists. Because of the need for an interdisciplinary approach, several vascular anomalies centers have now been…
The past 3 decades has seen a steady, almost exponential, increase in knowledge of vascular anomalies. A useful biologic classification system has evolved. A careful physical examination augmented with refined…
Vascular anomalies are disorders of abnormal vasculogenesis or lymphogenesis. All types of vascular anomalies may involve the airway, causing varying degrees of upper airway obstruction as well as dysphagia and bleeding….
Like single-channel–type vascular malformations, combined lesions are categorized as slow-flow and fast-flow lesions. Many of the combined vascular malformations are associated with soft tissue and skeletal hypertrophy. This article discusses…
This article describes the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of arteriovenous malformation, capillary malformation–arteriovenous malformation, and PTEN-associated vascular anomaly. Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) results from an error in vascular development during…
Venous malformation results from an error in vascular morphogenesis. Although this condition is present at birth, it may not become evident until childhood or adolescence when it has grown large…
Lymphatic malformation results from an error in the embryonic development of the lymphatic system. Clinically, lymphatic malformation is characterized by the size of the malformed channels: microcystic, macrocystic, or combined…
Over the past decade, many changes and updates have occurred in the world of vascular anomalies, including their histopathology. An appreciation has developed that a combined team approach is optimal…
Vascular tumors of childhood are typically benign. The 4 most common types are infantile hemangioma (IH), congenital hemangioma (CH), kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE), and pyogenic granuloma (PG). Vascular tumors must be…
