Immunodermatology and Viral Skin Infection
Innate Adaptive Early response to foreign antigens Occurs within days of infection Rapid response is the first line of defense Antigen specific Broad spectrum (not antigen specific) Develops immune memory…
Cutaneous Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Autoimmune disorders Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX) Hematologic malignancy Acute myeloid leukemia Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Chronic myeloid leukemia Hodgkin’s lymphoma Multiple myeloma…
Lichen Planus
Subtypes Most common sites of involvement Cutaneous lichen planus Actinic Sun-exposed areas Annular Male genitalia, intertriginous Atrophic Predominately on lower extremities, may occur on other areas of the body Erosive…
Cutaneous Vasculitis: A Clinical Approach
Causes Frequency (%) Idiopathic 40 Infection 22 Drug reaction 20 Connective tissue disease 12 Henoch-Schönlein purpura 10 Malignancy <5 Systemic vasculitis <5 Other systemic disease <5 Initial Workup of Cutaneous…
Pemphigus Family of Disease
Pemphigus vulgaris Pemphigus vegetans Pemphigus foliaceus Pemphigus erythematosus: localized Fogo selvagem: endemic Paraneoplastic pemphigus Drug-induced pemphigus IgA pemphigus Pathogenesis Pemphigus Target Antigens are Desmogleins The hallmark of pemphigus is the…
Fungal Infections
Fig. 19.1 Possible pathways for immunologic responses stimulated by fungi. (a) Most fungi are detected and destroyed within hours by innate nonspecific defense mechanisms mediated by phagocytes such as macrophages,…
Autoinflammatory Diseases
Autoinflammatory disease Inheritance Gene/Protein Age of onset Flare duration Mucocutaneous manifestations Musculoskeletal manifestations Systemic manifestations Treatment FMF AR MEFV/pyrin First three decades of life 1–3 days Erysipeloid-like rash on dorsal…
Immune Environment of Cutaneous Malignancies
Fig. 42.1 The SCC immune microenvironment. The SCC microenvironment involves a complex interplay of immunoinhibitory and immunostimulatory cells and cytokines. While Langerhans cells and plasmacytoid DCs are producing proinflammatory cytokines…
Traditional Immune-Modulating Drugs
Category Drug name Specific enzyme(s) inhibited Calcineurin Cyclosporine Calcineurin inhibitors Antimetabolites/purine analogues Azathioprine None Mycophenolate mofetil Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase Antimetabolites/folate antagonists Methotrexate Dihydrofolate reductase, Thymidylate synthetase Dapsone Dihydropteroate synthetase, Myeloperoxidase…
