Globe prominence (proptosis) may be caused by a variety of congenital or acquired conditions and poses unique challenges to aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. Once the underlying cause of proptosis is…

Aesthetic canthal suspension can be an effective adjunct to lower eyelid blepharoplasty. Understanding the anatomy and function of the lateral canthal tendon is critical for preoperative evaluation and surgical decision…

Preservation rhinoplasty may refer to preserving several anatomic components including: the nasal bones, upper lateral cartilages, the keystone area and/or ligaments of the nose. Preserving the osseocartilaginous framework or “dorsal…

All patients with postparalytic facial paralysis are at risk of developing synkinesis due to aberrant nerve regeneration. Synkinesis can result in smile dysfunction, tension, and eyelid aperture narrowing due to…

Temporalis tendon transfer (T3) and gracilis free muscle transfer (GFMT) are popular techniques in lower facial rehabilitation when reinnervation techniques are unavailable. T3 involves a single-stage outpatient procedure resulting in…

Periorbital rejuvenation is a common reason for patients to seek cosmetic treatment. There are several nonsurgical light and energy–based devices available to treat various aspects of periorbital rejuvenation without risks…

The anatomy of the eyelids and periorbital region is delicate. The individual anatomic variations determine each person’s eyelid appearance and function. It is essential that every surgeon that evaluates and…

The goal of this article is to better understand the social impact of facial paralysis. Patients with facial paralysis may suffer from impaired social interactions, disruption of self-concept, psychological distress,…

Ptosis surgery is performed via an anterior/external or posterior/internal approach, primarily defined by the eyelid elevator muscle surgically addressed: the levator complex anteriorly or Muller muscle posteriorly. Posterior ptosis surgery…