10.1055/b-0036-135533 21 Aesthetic Orthognathic Surgery Seong Yik Han and Kar Su Tan Pearls Orthognathic surgery is a dual-pronged operation that fulfills both functional and aesthetic goals through repositioning of the…
10.1055/b-0036-135531 19 Zygoma Reduction Sanghoon Park and Jihyuck Lee Pearls The aim of zygoma reduction is to reduce the width of the cheekbone, thus changing the boxy flat facial shape…
10.1055/b-0036-135535 23 Management Strategies for the Aging Asian Face: Philosophy and Evolution Samuel M. Lam Pearls The principal manifestation of aging for most East Asians (and all other peoples for…
10.1055/b-0036-135532 20 Mandible Reduction Sanghoon Park and Seungil Chung Pearls “Angle reduction” is the old name for this procedure and represents a major misconception regarding what the surgery is for….
10.1055/b-0036-135528 16 Lower Blepharoplasty Yoon-Duck Kim and Kyung In Woo Pearls The surgical procedure of lower blepharoplasty evolved from fat and skin excision into volume enhancement. A customized approach considering…
10.1055/b-0036-135529 17 Correction of Ptosis Woong Chul Choi and Juwan Park Pearls Margin-reflex distance 1 (MRD1, distance from the corneal light reflex to the upper lid margin) in a sitting…
10.1055/b-0036-135527 15 Epicanthoplasty and Aesthetic Lateral Canthoplasty Yongho Shin Pearls Cosmetic epicanthoplasty releases the epicanthal fold and modifies the medial corner of the palpebral fissure, thus revealing more of the…
10.1055/b-0036-135526 14 Aging-Related Upper Blepharoplasty Hokyung Choung and Namju Kim Pearls Understanding anatomic differences and involutional changes in the eyelids of East Asians, which are specific to age and gender,…
10.1055/b-0036-135525 13 Double-Eyelid Surgery: Incisional Techniques Jae Woo Jang Pearls The East Asian upper eyelid has several distinct anatomic characteristics, including a low, poorly defined, or absent eyelid crease; narrow…
10.1055/b-0036-135524 12 Double-Eyelid Surgery: Nonincisional Suture Techniques Jin Joo Hong and Hae Won Yang Pearls The pattern of skin fold formation in the opening phase of the upper eyelid is…