Key points • Skin, fat, muscle, fascia, tendon, and bone can all be differentially carried on vascular pedicles from various donor sites in the provision of vascularized tissue to the…

Key points • Structural fillers are very useful in Asian patients to create an oval face with a tapered lower facial third. • Blunt injection cannulas have been associated with…

• Soft tissue evaluation is a crucial step in planning any aesthetic facial procedure. • Patient assessment of all aging components and selection of procedures that address specific patient concerns…

Key points • Facial aging is characterized by fat atrophy and gravitational descent of facial soft tissue. • Careful facial analysis is crucial for optimal outcomes. • Fat grafting provides…

Key points • The anterior and posterior ethmoid foramen are the intraoperative anatomical landmarks to visualize for the level of a subcranial osteotomy. Violation of the frontal bone via an…

Key points • Prosthodontics is the art and science of the aesthetic and functional restoration of the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. • Osseointegration is arguably the…

Key points • Augmentation, feminization, masculinization, and other adjustments to the cranium can be done with implants, osteotomies, hydroxyapatite bone cements, and autogenous bone grafts. Soft tissue can further be…

Key points • Thorough analysis of the whole face and the nose, along with full understanding of the nasal dynamics, are required for planning a successful rhinoplasty outcome. • An…

Key points • Osseous genioplasty is a more versatile procedure compared with chin implant surgery. • The chin can be advanced, set back, narrowed, widened, lengthened, shortened, centered, and leveled…

Key points • Chin augmentation can often result in asymmetry, an irregular transition between the implant and the underlying bone, excessive width, or unaesthetic disproportion. • Optimization of results requires…