Chapter 5Patient Interviewand Consultation ‘Time spent in communication (with patients)is never wasted’. Frances Cooke Macgregor (1906–2001)1 Introduction ‘I do not much dislike the matter, butThe manner of his speech’. William…

Chapter 14The Nose Introduction ‘Cleopatra’s nose: had it been shorter, the whole face of the world would have changed’. Blaise Pascal (1623–62)Pensées (1670)1 The nose occupies the central position of…

Chapter 7Cephalometry and Cephalometric Analysis Introduction Cephalometry is the scientific measurement of the heads of living individuals (Greek kephalē: ‘a head’; metron: ‘a measure’ or ‘measurement’). Cephalometric radiography is a…

Chapter 10Facial Symmetry and Asymmetry Introduction Symmetry may be defined as correspondence in size, shape and relative position of parts on opposite sides of a dividing line or median plane….

Chapter 23Smile Aesthetics Introduction The analysis of the smile is an important part of facial aesthetic evaluation. Importance of the smile in facial aesthetics ‘Those cherries fairly do enclose Of…

Chapter 20The Chin Introduction ‘Thou whose features clearly beaming make the moon of Beauty bright, Thou whose chin contains a well‐pit which to Loveliness gives light’. Hafez (1325–90) Persian poet‐philosopher1…

Chapter 17The Lips Introduction ‘Eternity was in our lips and eyes’. William Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra (1606–7)1 The lips form a transition zone between the facial skin and the oral…

Chapter 16The Maxilla and Midface Introduction The terms ‘maxilla’ and ‘midface’ are not synonymous. The midface, or middle region of the face, is the area between a superior plane drawn…