Supermicrosurgery is defined as microsurgery working on vessels less than 0.8 mm, allowing applications in smaller-dimension microsurgery, such as lymphedema, minimal invasive reconstruction, small parts replantation, and application of perforator as…
Demand has increased for complex lower-extremity reconstruction in the steadily growing elderly patient group in many highly developed countries. Microsurgery is indispensable for soft tissue reconstruction and osseous consolidation salvaging…
Daily walking stance benefits the health, whereas lower extremity reconstruction aims to accomplish balanced walking and posture control. If local flap or tendon transfer cannot provide the basic function, microsurgical…
Marko Godina in his landmark paper in 1986 established the principle of early flap coverage for reconstruction of traumatic lower extremity injuries to minimize edema, fibrosis, and infection while optimizing…
Gustilo IIIC injuries of the lower extremity pose a significant challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Key principles include early vascular repair and serial debridement followed by definitive coverage within 10 days….
Free tissue transfer to the lower extremity for limb salvage remains challenging. A comprehensive approach includes patient selection, flap selection, selection of the recipient vessels, flap dissection, flap preparation, microvascular…
Improved knowledge of vascular anatomy has enabled surgeons to preoperatively identify perforators and design free-style flaps based on that perforator. Options for choosing the optimal donor site tissues are increased…
Medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap is a thin, pliable, and versatile flap. It is a fasciocutaneous flap with chimeric design capacity. The donor site permits the synchronous harvesting of…
The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap is evolved from the groin flap, which was one of the early free flaps with a good concealed donor site. By further understanding…
The perforator-plus flap is a new concept for lower extremity reconstruction. It combines a perforator flap with a traditional skin rotation flap. It can be another option for lower extremity…
