Cosmeceutical Vitamins: Vitamin B
Summary and Key Features • Niacinamide, or vitamin B 3 , is a water-soluble, relatively stable, low-molecular-weight vitamin that readily penetrates the stratum corneum. • Niacinamide has been used topically…
Cosmeceutical Vitamins: Vitamin C
Summary and Key Features • L-ascorbic acid is a water-soluble antioxidant. • Vitamin C serves as a cofactor for the enzymes that synthesize collagen. • Topically applied vitamin C confers…
Cosmeceutical Formulation
Summary and Key Features • Delivery systems are intended to maximize performance and provide consumer-perceivable benefits with excellent aesthetic attributes to provide a unique feel and form. They are also…
Cosmeceutical Vitamins: Retinoids and Vitamin A
Summary and Key Features • Retinoids are naturally occurring derivatives of beta-carotene ascribed as vitamin A and its direct metabolites. • Retinol has been studied extensively for topical treatment of…
Evaluating Cosmeceutical Efficacy
Summary and Key Features • Cosmeceutical formulations are tested through noninvasive techniques to ensure consumer efficacy. • 2-Dimensional and 3-dimensional photography and image analysis are used to analyze surface texture,…
Cosmeceutical Botanicals
Summary and Key Features • Herbal tonics have been known for 5 millennia to be therapeutic for skin conditions. • The increased efficacy of tonics compared to purified extracts is…
The Stratum Corneum: A Functional Barrier for Cosmeceuticals
Summary and Key Features • The stratum corneum (SC) is the outermost layer of the epidermis. Interfacing with the outside world, it is responsible for protecting and maintaining an internal…
Outlook for Aesthetic Asian Eyelid Surgery: 未来展望
COMBINED APPROACH OF PARTIAL INCISION TECHNIQUE WITH MEDIAL TUNNEL FIXATION (INCORPORATING A BURIED ORBICULARIS–APONEUROSIS SUTURE) An ideal compromise would be to combine an external incision approach across the central 50%…
Suboptimal Factors: 次优分析因素
Visit eBooks.Health.Elsevier.com for videos This chapter is an introduction to the more complicated topic of suboptimal results and its contributing factors, specifically in regard to the goals of reaching an…
External Incision Methods: 切开法
A survey of the various papers in the literature on the external incision approach reveals that there is a wide variation in techniques and preferences when it comes to whether…
