Tissue Injury and Repair
ANATOMY I. COLLAGEN: Most abundant connective tissue protein in mammals. A. Twenty types of identified collagen; most abundant types are: 1. *Type I: Skin, tendon, and mature scar have a 4:1 ratio of…
Fat Grafting and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
I. FAT GRAFTING A. Background 1. Eugene Hollander documented the first known use of fat in surgical enhancement in 1912 when he used this technique in patients presenting with lipoatrophy of the face….
Vascular Anomalies, Lymphedema, and Tattoos
VASCULAR ANOMALIES I. CLASSIFICATION: Classification of vascular anomalies was historically very confusing (i.e., “cavernous hemangioma”); current nomenclature favors biology over tradition. Most vascular anomalies can be classified as one of the…
Benign Skin Lesions
I. EMBRYOLOGY A. Ectoderm: Epidermis, pilosebaceous glands, apocrine glands, eccrine sweat glands, nails B. Mesoderm: Langerhans cells, macrophages, mast cells, Merkel cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, lymph vessels, fat cells C. Neuro-ectoderm: *Melanocytes, nerves, specialized…
Microsurgery, Endoscopic Surgery, and Robotic Surgery
MICROSURGERY I. DEFINITIONS A. Microsurgery: Surgery with the aid of an operating microscope. Includes vascular, neural, lymphatic, otologic, and ophthalmologic surgeries. B. Microvascular surgery: Anastomosis of small vessels with illuminated magnification. C. Reconstructive microsurgery:…
Tissue Expansion
I. INTRODUCTION A. Definition 1. An artificial filling device is used to grow and expand local tissue to reconstruct an adjacent soft tissue defect when primary closure is not possible. 2. A silicone elastomer…
Composite Tissue Allotransplantation (CTA)
I. DEFINITION A. Composite tissue consists of a “composite” of nonsolid organ tissues including skin, bone, muscle, nerve, and fat. B. May also be referred to as a vascularized composite allograft (VCA). This…
of the Hip
Femoral neck fractures are classified according to the Garden classification (Table 1).9 This classification divides these fractures into displaced or nondisplaced fractures. Guidelines for treatment of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures…
Total Knee Arthroplasty
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful surgical procedure that provides excellent and durable relief of pain and improvement in functional status for patients with degenerative joint disease (DJD) of…
