Causes Frequency (%) Idiopathic 40 Infection 22 Drug reaction 20 Connective tissue disease 12 Henoch-Schönlein purpura 10 Malignancy <5 Systemic vasculitis <5 Other systemic disease <5 Initial Workup of Cutaneous…
Fig. 19.1 Possible pathways for immunologic responses stimulated by fungi. (a) Most fungi are detected and destroyed within hours by innate nonspecific defense mechanisms mediated by phagocytes such as macrophages,…
Autoinflammatory disease Inheritance Gene/Protein Age of onset Flare duration Mucocutaneous manifestations Musculoskeletal manifestations Systemic manifestations Treatment FMF AR MEFV/pyrin First three decades of life 1–3 days Erysipeloid-like rash on dorsal…
Fig. 42.1 The SCC immune microenvironment. The SCC microenvironment involves a complex interplay of immunoinhibitory and immunostimulatory cells and cytokines. While Langerhans cells and plasmacytoid DCs are producing proinflammatory cytokines…
Category Drug name Specific enzyme(s) inhibited Calcineurin Cyclosporine Calcineurin inhibitors Antimetabolites/purine analogues Azathioprine None Mycophenolate mofetil Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase Antimetabolites/folate antagonists Methotrexate Dihydrofolate reductase, Thymidylate synthetase Dapsone Dihydropteroate synthetase, Myeloperoxidase…
Fig. 48.1 Chemical structure of cortisol. Note the four-ring structure and the hydroxyl group at position 11 Modifications of the basic GCS structure result in agents with variant potency, mineralocorticoid…
, Camille E. Introcaso3, Stephen K. Richardson4 and Alain H. Rook5 (1) Department of Dermatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA (2) Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA (3)…
Angiogenesis inhibitors Angiostatin Naturally occurring protein found in some animal species. Angiostatin is known to be cleaved by MMPs [2]. Angiostatin binds to endothelial cell surface adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase…
Fig. 27.1 Urticarial lesions (By permission of B Cohen and CU Lehmann, DermAtlas, Johns Hopkins University, 2000–2007) Clinical Features of Urticaria Clinically, urticarial lesions are intensely pruritic and can appear…
Phenotypes Major immune cells Major cytokines or cytotoxic mediators MPE CD4+ > CD8+ T cells IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, perforin/granzyme B DRESS CD4+ > CD8+ T cells, eosinophils IFN-γ, TNF-α,…
