Molecule Molecular weight Ultrasound parameters Electroporation parameters Modality Ref. Frequency Amplitude Voltage Pulse Pulse freq Sulforhodamine 607 g/mol 1–3 MHz 1.4 W/cm2 ≤150 V 1 ms 60 s Simultaneous (Kost…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017Nina Dragicevic and Howard I. Maibach (eds.)Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Physical Methods in Penetration Enhancementhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53273-7_28 28. Cutaneous DNA Immunization: Enhancing Penetration by Hair Follicle Modification or Microneedle Application Amit Kumar1, Yuehong Xu1 and Zhengrong Cui1 …
Fig. 10.1 Location of microwaves in the electromagnetic spectrum, considering microwaves as part of radiofrequencies (Raw data from Moulder 1998; Ku et al. 2002; Sorrentino and Bianchi 2010 and Mousa…
Noninvasive or minimally invasive Painless Safe and tolerable Reversible effect Modulation of skin permeability They can be focused on targeted tissues Possibility of administering macromolecules and nanocarriers (e.g., nanoparticles and…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017Nina Dragicevic and Howard I. Maibach (eds.)Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Physical Methods in Penetration Enhancementhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53273-7_20 20. Evaluation of Microneedles in Human Subjects Haripriya Kalluri1 , Seong-O Choi2 , Xin Dong Guo3 , Jeong Woo Lee4 , James Norman5 and Mark R. Prausnitz6 (1) Research Scientist…
Fig. 4.1 Schematic representation of iontophoresis. D is the drug, which can be either positively (D+) or negatively (D−) charged. N represents a neutral molecule. EM is the electromigration and…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017Nina Dragicevic and Howard I. Maibach (eds.)Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Physical Methods in Penetration Enhancementhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53273-7_1 1. Sonophoresis: Ultrasound-Mediated Transdermal Drug Delivery Samir Mitragotri1 (1) Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara,…
, Teresa S. Wright2, Crystal Y. Pourciau3 and Bruce R. Smoller4 (1) Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA (2) Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of…
, Teresa S. Wright2, Crystal Y. Pourciau3 and Bruce R. Smoller4 (1) Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA (2) Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of…
, Teresa S. Wright2, Crystal Y. Pourciau3 and Bruce R. Smoller4 (1) Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA (2) Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of…
