Introduction Over the last two decades breast-conserving treatment (BCT), consisting of breast-conserving surgery (BCS), radiation therapy (RT), and axillary node sampling, is emerging as the treatment of choice for many…
Introduction Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), or subcutaneous mastectomy, combines a skin-sparing mastectomy with preservation of the nipple–areola complex (NAC), with the possibility of intraoperative pathological assessment of adjacent tissue. Immediate reconstruction…
Introduction There has been a significant increase in the popularity of mammaplasty techniques being used for the reconstruction of partial mastectomy defects prior to breast irradiation for women with early-stage…
Introduction The desire of many patients to preserve their breasts regardless of the cosmetic outcome has led to a more aggressive use of partial mastectomy, with more extensive local resections…
Introduction For most of the 20th century, mastectomy was the surgical treatment of choice for breast cancer. Mastectomy is a disfiguring operation. Umberto Veronesi introduced breast conservation in the 1970s…
Introduction Oncoplastic surgery for the management of breast cancer has been receiving worldwide attention and gaining widespread acceptance. Simply stated, oncoplastic surgery is defined as tumor excision with a wide…
