Vulvovaginal lichen planus is a chronic condition characterized by complex mucocutaneous findings. Patients may be asymptomatic or may have severe pain and itching. Findings vary from erythema, erosions, and white…
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an inflammatory skin disease predominantly affecting the anogenital region. If untreated, progressive sclerosis results in scarring with distortion of the normal architecture. LS occurs more commonly…
Contact dermatitis of the vulva is common, with irritant contact dermatitis occurring more frequently than allergic contact dermatitis. Patients with chronic vulvar dermatoses are at greater risk and should continually…
Vulvodynia is a multifactorial chronic pain disorder that is distressing to the patient and exigent to the physician. Although the condition is common, it remains little understood, so patients remain…
Vulvar pruritus is a common and distressing condition for patients, and its presentation is often delayed and complicated by home remedies. The true prevalence cannot be accurately estimated. Vulvar pruritus…
Patients with urogenital complaints are frequently encountered by family practitioners, gynecologists, and dermatologists. This review article provides practical information regarding normal anatomy and embryology of the vulva, followed by a…
The diagnosis and management of chronic vulvovaginal disease requires attention to several issues. Psychological factors are usually important, because women worry about malignancy, impaired sexuality and self-image, fertility, and sexually…
Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has a major effect on the natural history of many infectious diseases, particularly mycobacterial diseases. Early in the HIV epidemic, it was predicted that…
Hyperpigmentation disorders and skin lightening treatments have a significant impact on the dermatologic, physiologic, psychologic, economic, social, and cultural aspects of life. Skin lightening compounds, such as hydroquinone and topical…
Female genital mutilation (FGM) has become more common in the United States with increased immigration to the United States of individuals from areas where the practice is endemic. Although the…
