55. Breast Reduction
10.1055/b-0038-163179 55. Breast ReductionJoshua Lemmon, Michael R. Lee, Daniel O. Beck, Elizabeth Hall-Findlay Pathophysiology Breast hypertrophy is thought to be an abnormal end-organ response to circulating estrogens. 1 , 2…
51. Breast Anatomy
10.1055/b-0038-163175 51. Breast AnatomyMelissa A. Crosby, Glyn Jones Embryology, Development, and Physiology Embryology The breast is ectodermally derived. From week 8-10 of embryologic development, breast growth begins with differentiation of…
54. Augmentation-Mastopexy
10.1055/b-0038-163178 54. Augmentation-MastopexyPurushottam A. Nagarkar General Principles Augmentation-mastopexy is a technique used to simultaneously correct low volume and skin excess. Augmentation alone corrects relative deficiency of volume. Mastopexy alone corrects…
53. Mastopexy
10.1055/b-0038-163177 53. MastopexyJoshua Lemmon, Smita R. Ramanadham, James Christian Grotting Natural History and Classification 1 , 2 Breast Changes: Multifactorial The amount of breast parenchyma changes with age, body weight,…
56. Gynecomastia
10.1055/b-0038-163180 56. GynecomastiaRonald E. Hoxworth, Kuylhee Kim, Dennis C. Hammond Indications and Contraindications Typically, neonatal and pubertal cases resolve with expectant management. 1 Neonatal cases: Resolved within several weeks Pubertal…
52. Breast Augmentation
10.1055/b-0038-163176 52. Breast AugmentationEvan B. Katzel, Thornwell H. Parker III, Jeffrey E. Janis, Dennis C. Hammond Background Breast augmentation is the second most common cosmetic surgery (after liposuction). 1 Silicone…
