Purposes of Skin Flap Surgery The purposes of flap transfer are classified into four categories: surface coverage; volume restoration; framework creation; and functional reconstruction. Category one is surface coverage of…

Introduction It is something of a dent to personal pride to be singled out among so many internationally distinguished contributors to write a chapter on complications in microsurgery. How did…

Introduction It is more than a century since Alexis Carrel introduced the techniques of vessel repair in 1906. The triangulation technique founded by him was used for the repair of…

Introduction Whereas in the past, reconstructive microsurgery mainly consisted of defect coverage by free tissue transfer, today this technique allows a continual integration of improved aesthetic appearance and functional reconstruction….

Introduction and Historical Notes The peripheral nervous system (PNS) embodies unique anatomical structure and function that contributes immensely to human quality of life. Through the ages, the importance of the…

Introduction In this chapter we present the topic of reconstruction of soft tissue and bone defects in the lower extremity. We present the multiple indications for lower extremity reconstruction and…

Introduction The many specialized structures of the hand and upper extremity work in intimate synchrony to provide a harmonious interplay of precision motor biomechanics with fine tactile senses. Our hands…

Introduction The surgical management of adult brachial plexus injury (A-BPI) reconstruction has evolved substantially over the last century. The advancement of the operative microscope and surgical loupe magnification, micro-instruments and…

Introduction Perineal and urogenital reconstruction has particular challenges due to the anatomic and functional complexity and differences between the male and female genitalia. Furthermore, genital defects and abnormalities are associated…

Introduction The structure of the chest and back serves multiple functions that are important to be aware of and maintain during reconstruction. The chest and back protect the vital heart,…