Latissimus Flap Peter Henderson Joseph J. Disa DEFINITION The principal reason to undergo a latissimus dorsi (LD) myocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction is to recruit healthy skin to replace lost…

Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction Amy S. Colwell Eric J. Wright DEFINITION Following mastectomy, the reconstructive goal is to recreate a natural-appearing breast, which may improve quality of life and body image….

Replacement of Expander With Permanent Implant Eric G. Halvorson Joseph J. Disa DEFINITION Exchange of an expander for a permanent implant is performed as the second stage in two-stage implant…

Immediate Tissue Expander Eric G. Halvorson Joseph J. Disa DEFINITION Immediate tissue expander placement is performed following skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomy as a prelude to either two-stage implant reconstruction or…

Tissue Expander With Acellular Dermal Matrix Gabriel M. Kind DEFINITION Two-stage tissue expander-to-implant reconstruction with prosthetic implants is the most common type of breast reconstruction in the United States.1,2 The…

Delayed Tissue Expansion Hana Farhang Khoee Edward C. Ray Joseph J. Disa DEFINITION Delayed breast tissue expansion occurs after mastectomy skin has healed and after all adjuvant therapy has been…

Local Flaps in Partial Breast Reconstruction Moustapha Hamdi Fadi Bakal DEFINITION Partial breast reconstruction is an area of evolving interest with improving surgical techniques; it is indicated in breast conservation…

Partial Breast Reconstruction With Local Tissue Rearrangement Moustapha Hamdi DEFINITION The treatment of breast cancer is an evolving field. Different modalities are continuously being developed to maximize patient survival while…

Gynecomastia John T. Stranix Alexes Hazen DEFINITION Gynecomastia refers to benign, excessive enlargement of parenchymal tissue in the male breast. The etiology of gynecomastia is multifactorial, often idiopathic, and affects…

Inferior Pedicle Paul A. Ghareeb Albert Losken DEFINITION Reduction mammaplasty remains one of the most commonly performed operations by plastic surgeons. Inferior pedicle reduction mammaplasty is one of the most…