Fig. 52.1 Functional zones of the retroperitoneum Once an intra-abdominal venous injury is identified, you should immediately be planning out your potential operative strategies: to ligate the injured vessel, to…

Artery Primary repair Graft or vein Ligate? Recommendations Aorta Prolene 3-0 or 4-0 Dacron 14–20 mm No Prefer left medial visceral rotation exposure Splenic N/A N/A Yes Splenectomy Common hepatic…

Adolescents Children Gunshot wounds homicidal Accidental gunshot injuries Gunshot wounds suicidal Gunshot wounds homicidal Stab injuries usually with knives or similar Penetrating stab injuries Arrows and other missiles Non-powder gun…

Fig. 41.1 Chest wall defect 5–10 cm in diameter with open pneumothorax, comminuted rib fractures, intercostal muscle tearing, and underlying pulmonary injury After airway management, examine the edges of the…

Gradea Type of injury Description of injury ICD-9 AIS-90 I Contusion Microscopic or gross hematuria, urologic studies normal 866.01 2 Hematoma Subcapsular, nonexpanding without parenchymal laceration 866.11 2 II Hematoma…

Fig. 43.1 Resuscitation using blood products and fluid warmer 43.4.2 Haemostatic Resuscitation (Fig. 43.1) Early identification of patients with ongoing haemorrhage and the need for blood transfusion is essential so…

Fig. 65.1 The axillary artery begins as a continuation of the subclavian artery at the outer border of the first rib and ends at the lower border of the teres…

Active hemorrhage Large, expanding, or pulsatile hematoma Bruit or thrill over wound Absent distal palpable pulses Manifestations of distal ischemia (pain, pallor, paralysis, paresthesias, poikilothermy) 63.1.2 Deciding Primary Amputation Versus…

Fig. 42.1 Skin and subcutaneous tissue incision with the scalpel, while countertraction is applied on the two edges of the wound   2. Incise the linea alba with the scalpel….

Fig. 39.1 A left lower penetrating chest wound: the high likelihood of diaphragm penetration requires further investigation Fig. 39.2 Air-filled stomach incarcerated in the chest Fig. 39.3 The left diaphragm…