The medial upper arm flap is a time-honored yet ignored technique. It may be revitalized by combining the techniques of tissue expansion and perforator flap surgery. Pre-expansion increases flap dimension,…

The paraumbilical perforator flap is the first and the most famous perforator flap. Pre-expansion increases the flap dimension and reduces the flap thickness and donor site morbidities, making the paraumbilical…

The size of the thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap or pedicle, in general, may be found to be inadequate. Pre-expansion of the flap before harvest can be a solution to…

The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap can be used to cover large defects of the proximal lower extremity, abdominal wall, perineum, vulva, and buttock. Pre-expanding DIEP flaps cause a…

This article introduces pre-expanded super-thin intercostal perforator flaps, particularly the flap that has a perforator from the first to second intercostal spaces. The key techniques, advantages and disadvantages, and complications…

The supraclavicular artery perforator (SAP) flap is a versatile flap for the reconstruction of head and neck defects. Recently, the authors have modified the SAP flap by using an anterior…

The face and neck are important areas for function and appearance. High-quality skin flaps should be used to reconstruct defects in the cervicofacial region. This article introduces the pre-expanded transverse…

Patients with severe postburn scar contractures underwent reconstruction of skin defects after scar excision with pre-expanded super-thin skin perforator flaps supplied primarily by perforators via the “bridging effect” from the…

The vascular anatomy of perforators varies between individuals; thus, accurate preoperative assessment of perforators is essential for safely planning perforator flaps. Perforator computed tomographic angiography (P-CTA) with multidetector-row computed tomography…