Evolution in extremity injury treatment often occurs during major conflicts, with lessons learned applied and translated among military and civilian settings. In recent periods of war, improvements in protective equipment,…

Chronic lower extremity wounds are defined as wounds that fail to heal within 3 months of defect onset. Free tissue transfer offers an opportunity for limb salvage and length preservation. Preoperative…

Surgical resection with wide margins and perioperative radiation therapy is the standard treatment of extremity soft tissue sarcomas. This combination often results in complex wounds and functional compromise. Reconstructive surgery…

The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a popular flap for lower extremity reconstruction despite its varied pedicle anatomy. Beyond its use for soft tissue coverage, using the chimeric flap concept,…

In order to address complex extremity injuries, the orthoplastic approach uses plastic, orthopedic, and microsurgical techniques and includes other disciplines to optimize limb salvage. This collaboration, if created early in…

Supermicrosurgery is defined as microsurgery working on vessels less than 0.8 mm, allowing applications in smaller-dimension microsurgery, such as lymphedema, minimal invasive reconstruction, small parts replantation, and application of perforator as…

Daily walking stance benefits the health, whereas lower extremity reconstruction aims to accomplish balanced walking and posture control. If local flap or tendon transfer cannot provide the basic function, microsurgical…

Marko Godina in his landmark paper in 1986 established the principle of early flap coverage for reconstruction of traumatic lower extremity injuries to minimize edema, fibrosis, and infection while optimizing…

Gustilo IIIC injuries of the lower extremity pose a significant challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Key principles include early vascular repair and serial debridement followed by definitive coverage within 10 days….