Anatomy of the Neck
The neck is the region of the body between the clavicle and the mandible. It contains several vital structures and serves to separate the head from the torso. A detailed…
General Surgery
The Neck: A Complex Cylinder
Malcolm D. Paul, MD, FACS, Editor Cosmetic medical and surgical approaches to the aging neck have evolved over the past several decades and include noninvasive, minimally invasive, and open surgical…
Secondary Lip and Palate Surgery
To properly treat a patient with a secondary cleft lip or palate deformity, one must make an accurate diagnosis of the underlying problem. Recognition of specific recurring patterns and common…
Measuring Outcomes in Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment
Measuring meaningful outcomes in cleft lip and palate surgery is difficult. Many methods of measurement lack validity or reliability, are impractical to implement, or are not consistently used. Yet the…
Correction of the Cleft Nasal Deformity
The cleft nasal deformity remains the most likely stigma of the cleft to remain plainly visible despite vigorous and repeated attempts at correction. This deformity is present at birth, but…
Surgical Considerations in 22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) may be associated with several palatal abnormalities, including overt cleft palate, submucosal cleft palate, palatopharyngeal disproportion, and velar hypotonia. The syndrome is the genetic disorder…
Surgical Management of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
The primary goal of cleft palate repair is to create an anatomically and functionally intact palate while minimally affecting maxillary growth and development. In order to produce normal speech, a…
Speech Evaluation for Patients with Cleft Palate
Children with cleft palate are at risk for speech problems, particularly those caused by velopharyngeal insufficiency. There may be an additional risk of speech problems caused by malocclusion. This article…
Gingivoperiosteoplasty
Cleft surgeons seek to provide the best results in the fewest surgeries. Gingivoperiosteoplasty (GPP) is one option to achieve this goal. Although it may normalize early form and function and…
Management of the Alveolar Cleft
Orthopedic and orthodontic management of patients born with clefts of the lip, alveolus and palate is based on the application of basic biomechanical principles adapted to the individualized cleft anatomy….
