The neural activity responsible for voluntary facial expression relies on an intricate set of interconnections distributed across multiple cortical facial motor areas, the amygdala, and other subcortical areas. The target…
Local Flaps for Breast-Conserving Surgery Defects Douglas R. Macmillan Stephen J. Mcculley History Oncoplastic techniques for the immediate reconstruction of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) defects broadly fall into three categories: simple…
Local Flaps for Partial Mastectomy Defects Moustapha Hamdi Ibrahim Al Bassam History Perforator flaps have been described and used since the mid-1990s. Harvesting a flap without any muscle sacrifice as…
Male Breast Reduction: Liposuction Versus Excision Charles M. Malata Samuel G. Coulson Male breast reduction is performed for gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia. Gynecomastia is benign enlargement of the male breast due…
Oncoplastic Techniques in Breast Conservation Therapy—The Plastic Surgeon’s Perspective Albert Losken Brian Pettitt-Schieber History Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) continues to rise as a treatment for women with breast cancer, and we…
Conservative Management of Postsurgical Lymphedema Michelle Lee Hsia Christopher Pham Ketan M. Patel History Lymphedema is a distressing long-term health problem that many breast cancer survivors must manage. Cancer-related lymphedema…
Reduction Mammoplasty With Inverted-T Incision Ethan E. Larson Maurice Y. Nahabedian Shiliang Chang Introduction The evolution of reduction mammoplasty has been witness to a variety of techniques, principles, and concepts….
Breast Reduction and Mastopexy After Massive Weight Loss Francesco M. Egro J. Peter Rubin History The prevalence of morbid obesity continues to grow at an alarming rate. To reduce the…
Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment in Augmented Women Neal Handel History Over the years concerns have been raised about the possible effects of silicone implants on the incidence, detection,…
Disease of the Breast, Benign to Premalignant; Hyperplasia to DCIS Michele L. B. Ley Jeffrey A. Sugandi Pathology of the breast encompasses a wide variety of disorders, including benign, premalignant,…
