The primary function of the palate is to separate the nasal and oral cavities and facilitate the production of normal speech. The velar levator veli palatini (LVP) muscular sling is…

Effective management of cleft lip requires a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach that addresses the multifaceted dimensions of care. Although treatment spans infancy to adulthood and outcomes are influenced by growth and development,…

Congenital melanocytic nevi are benign neoplasms, which present early in life at various anatomic locations with a variety of clinical presentations. When evaluating large or giant nevi, it’s important to…

Craniofacial clefts are extremely rare. In 1976, Paul Tessier developed a comprehensive numerical classification system to categorize craniofacial clefts based on precise anatomic location. In order to comprehend craniofacial cleft…

Craniosynostosis is a congenital condition characterized by the premature fusion of cranial sutures, disrupting normal skull and potentially brain growth. The current gold standard for nonsyndromic single-suture craniosynostosis is open…

Orbital hypertelorism may be seen in isolation or more commonly within the context of other congenital craniofacial dyscrasias such as craniosynostosis, midface hypoplasia, exorbitism, atypical orofacial clefting, and malocclusion. Careful…

This article reviews the key elements of anesthesia care for patients presenting for craniofacial surgeries, including preoperative evaluation and preparation, intraoperative management, and pain management strategies. Key points • Preoperative…