A Measurement System and Ideal Breast Shape
(1) Swanson Center, Leawood, KS, USA Abstract Evaluation of changes in breast shape, including upper pole fullness, breast projection, and bottoming out, has been limited by a lack of…
Evidence-Based Medicine
(1) Swanson Center, Leawood, KS, USA Abstract Cosmetic breast surgery is popularly perceived as artistic. Unfortunately, this notion has allowed nonscientific concepts to persist, without proper scrutiny to establish…
Analytical and Numerical Methods in Determining the Combined Effects of Iontophoresis and Chemical Penetration Enhancers
(25.1) where C is the drug concentration at depth x, D represents the diffusion coefficient in the membrane, and t is the time. Initially, the membrane is free of drug:…
Therapeutic Applications of Electroporation
(1) Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA (2) Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bangalore, India Muralikrishnan Angamuthu Email: Krisamurali@gmail.com KeywordsSkin…
Combined Use of Iontophoresis and Other Physical Methods
(22.1) Viable skin (22.2)where C is the drug concentration, D is the diffusion coefficient, h is the thickness of the stratum corneum, H is the thickness of the skin, t…
An Electrochemical Transdermal Patch for Permeation Enhancement
Fig. 9.1 The electrochemical transdermal device (ECTD). (a) Schematic cross section through the electrochemical patch. A external voltage source, B hydrogel, C spacer, D backing foil, E adhesive layers, F…
Microporation Using Microneedle Arrays
Fig. 18.1 Approaches aiming at facilitation of peptide/protein transport across the skin This chapter will focus on the use of microneedle (MN) arrays as medical devices to disrupt the barrier…
Pretreatment Effects of Moxibustion on the Skin Permeation and Skin and Muscle Concentration of Salicylic Acid
Fig. 13.1 The PassPort™ patch (a) and the array of filaments (b) on the PassPort™ system Fig. 13.2 Handheld applicator of the PassPort™ system The moxibustion therapy is based on…
Iontophoresis for Therapeutic Drug Delivery and Non-invasive Sampling Applications
(6.1) where t #.max.drug; z drug and F are the maximum transport number achievable for the drug, the valence of the drug and the Faraday constant, respectively. Alternatively, the input…
Photoacoustic Waves as a Skin Permeation Enhancement Method
Fig. 11.1 Comparison between some fundamental properties of a typical ultrasound wave of 1 MHz (dashed line), a photoacoustic wave generated by Mn-TPP in polystyrene (solid line) and a shock…
