Nipple Reconstruction
Nipple Reconstruction Kasandra Dassoulas Brendan Collins Bernard W. Chang DEFINITION Nipple reconstruction is the final stage in breast reconstruction and allows the reconstructed breast to most closely resemble the natural…
Skate Flap for Nipple Reconstruction
Skate Flap for Nipple Reconstruction Katie E. Weichman DEFINITION Nipple-areolar reconstruction is the final stage of postmastectomy reconstruction. This procedure has been shown to positively influence overall satisfaction with breasts…
C-V Flap for Nipple Reconstruction
C-V Flap for Nipple Reconstruction Katie E. Weichman DEFINITION Nipple-areolar reconstruction is the final stage in the process of postmastectomy reconstruction. This procedure has been shown to positively influence overall…
Transverse Upper Gracilis Flap for Breast Reconstruction
Transverse Upper Gracilis Flap for Breast Reconstruction Adeyiza O. Momoh DEFINITION The transverse upper gracilis (TUG) flap is a medial thigh-based musculocutaneous flap option for breast reconstruction. It serves as…
Profunda Artery Perforator Flap for Breast Reconstruction
Profunda Artery Perforator Flap for Breast Reconstruction Katie E. Weichman Nicholas Haddock DEFINITION The profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap is a variation of the posterior thigh myocutaneous flap, which was…
Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction
Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction Katie E. Weichman DEFINITION The superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flap is a variation of the gluteal artery myocutaneous flap initially described by…
Inferior Gluteal Artery Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction
Inferior Gluteal Artery Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction Katie E. Weichman DEFINITION Fujino et al. first popularized the gluteal donor site for breast reconstruction in 1975 as a free myocutaneous flap,…
Abdominal Breast Reconstruction Using a SIEA Flap Approach
Abdominal Breast Reconstruction Using a SIEA Flap Approach Adrian S. H. Ooi Deana Shenaq Julie E. Park David H. Song DEFINITION Abdominal-based flaps for breast reconstruction can be divided into…
Recipient Vessel Exposure—Internal Mammary and Thoracodorsal
Recipient Vessel Exposure—Internal Mammary and Thoracodorsal Theodore A. Kung Adeyiza O. Momoh DEFINITION Recipient vessels for microsurgical breast reconstruction are required to re-establish perfusion in transferred free flaps. Perfusion through…
DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction
DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction Pierre M. Chevray DEFINITION Breast reconstruction following mastectomy can be accomplished with prosthetic breast implants, autologous tissue flaps, or a combination of the two. Autologous tissue…
