Fig. 34.1 Dermatitis herpetiformis. (a) Excoriated papules and papulo-vesicles on elbows and knees of a DH patient. (b) Urticarial plaques of DH Patients with mild disease usually have involvement of…

Fig. 16.1 S. aureus cellulitis on the lower leg. The involved skin characteristically shows signs of inflammation, including erythema, warmth, edema, and pain (Photograph is courtesy of the Victor D….

Fig. 35.1 Diagram of the hemidesmosome. Individual proteins comprise the hemidesmosome and many of these proteins serve as antigenic targets in clinical variants along the pemphigoid spectrum Characterization of autoantibodies…

Type of death Characteristics Molecular markers Critical signaling molecules Apoptosis Can be induced by extracellular (TNF-α, FasL, TLRs…) or intracellular (ROS, cytochrome-c) stimuli Initiated by formation of the apoptosome Considered…

Fig. 18.1 Cutaneous leishmaniasis Fig. 18.2 Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in an HIV-infected man Fig. 18.3 Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in an non-HIV-infected boy Early Events in the Immune Response In humans, the disease…

Immunosuppressant eras Time period Agent(s) used Organs transplanted Experimental era 1954–1962 Prednisone alone Kidneys of identical twins Azathioprine era 1962–1983 Prednisone & azathioprine Cadaveric kidneys Cyclosporine era 1983–1990 Cyclosporine Extra-renal…

Fig. 32.1 Potential sources of myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts, besides resulting from the differentiation of normal cutaneous resident fibroblasts, may also derive from several cellular sources, including pericytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells,…

(1) Mill Hill Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK (2) St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, UK     Paola Di Meglio Email: paola.dimeglio@crick.ac.uk Abstract Psoriasis is a…

Fig. 15.1 Effect of cytokines on T helper (Th) cell development. Schematic depicts a mature dendritic cell (APC) in the lymph node presenting antigen (black oval) in the context of…

Fig. 7.1 Antibody structure and immunoglobulin locus organization. (a) Structure of an individual antibody molecule. Highlighted are the immunoglobulin light chains (IgL, blue) and heavy chains (IgH, black), the disulfide…