Orbital hypertelorism may be seen in isolation or more commonly within the context of other congenital craniofacial dyscrasias such as craniosynostosis, midface hypoplasia, exorbitism, atypical orofacial clefting, and malocclusion. Careful…

This article reviews the key elements of anesthesia care for patients presenting for craniofacial surgeries, including preoperative evaluation and preparation, intraoperative management, and pain management strategies. Key points • Preoperative…

The lower lid cheek junction is a complex region. Patients are concerned about contour deformities of the lower eyelid and the cheek, but the causes of these issues are found…

Lower lid blepharoplasty surgery can be a challenging procedure for both the neophyte and the accomplished surgeon. It requires mastering complex periorbital anatomy and choosing the correct approach from a…

The upper eyelid–brow complex should be approached as a series of three interrelated arcs, the shape of which determines the dimensions of the intervening spaces. By following an engineered structural…

This article’s raison d’etre is simple: to deliver a decidedly lucid and sanguinely compelling description of a lower eyelid surgical rejuvenation strategy. By bestowing the surgeon greater control of the…

In an effort to prevent post-operative eyelid complications, lower blepharoplasty requires taut approximation of the lower lid to the globe. This is routinely accomplished with lid tightening procedures and/or canthal…

Non-surgical rejuvenation of the periorbital area is becoming increasingly popular given the downtime and risks associated with surgical procedures. Dermabrasion and chemical peels were first used along with neuromodulators and…

Lower eyelid blepharoplasty has historically been approached from one of only two techniques, either the anterior subciliary incision or from the posterior transconjunctival approach. Both have been used with subtractive…