Hair Shaft Abnormalities
Trichorrhexis invaginata is seen only in patients with the autosomal recessive Netherton syndrome. This hair shaft abnormality has been termed “bamboo hair” because of its resemblance to the growth rings…
Common Nail Disorders
A plethora of nail changes may be seen in response to systemic disease. Beau’s lines are horizontal notches along the nails that may be caused by any major stressful event….
Common Nail Disorders: Toenail Disorders
Onychomycosis is seen frequently in individuals of all ages, and its prevalence increases with age. Patients can present with different variants of onychomycosis. The most frequent type is the distal…
Alopecia Areata
Treatment: Treatment consists of proper assessment of the patient and how the disease is affecting the patient’s life in general. Some individuals tolerate the condition without adverse psychological effects; for…
Varicella Zoster with Keratitis
Pathogenesis: Any individual previously infected with VZV in the form of chickenpox is predisposed to develop herpes zoster later in life. Most cases occur with advancing age, as cell-mediated immunity…
Syphilis: Pregnancy
Pathogenesis: Syphilis is caused by the spirochete, T. pallidum pallidum. This bacteria is highly infective and is predominantly spread by sexual contact and by transmission from an infected mother to…
Syphilis: Oral Cavity
Unique forms of syphilis that do not fit neatly into one of the categories already described include neurosyphilis, congenital syphilis, and late syphilis. Involvement of the CNS by T. pallidum…
Syphilis: Genitalia
Primary syphilis is marked by a nonpainful ulceration that begins as a red papule and ulcerates over a period of a few days to weeks. The average time to onset…
Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infections: Toxic Shock Syndrome
Treatment: Impetigo can be treated with topical therapy against S. aureus and streptococcal species. Mupirocin is one such topical agent that is highly effective. The other forms of infection need…
