22 Cutaneous Infections and Infestations Histological patterns in infections and infestations 403 Palisading granulomas 403 Tuberculoid granulomas 403 Suppurative granulomas 403 Histiocyte granulomas 403 Histiocytes and plasma cells 403 Plasma…
Regardless of the etiology of Cushing’s disease or Cushing’s syndrome, the clinical manifestations are caused almost entirely by excessive cortisol production in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland. Cortisol…
Treatment: Therapy needs to be individualized for each patient. Those with seizure disorders and CNS tumors require the expertise of a neurologist or neurosurgeon or both. Antiseizure medications are frequently…
Type II neurofibromatosis has a completely different phenotype than type I disease, with some overlap. Onset of disease is often not until the second or third decade of life. The…
Patients with type II disease should have screening MRI studies of the brain and the rest of the central nervous system to look for schwannomas. Type II disease, because of…
Treatment: All patients with Marfan syndrome should be monitored directly by a cardiologist and a cardiothoracic surgeon as needed. Routine echocardiograms and evaluations for aortic aneurysms are required. β-Blockade has…
Treatment: Cushing’s syndrome of exogenous origin requires removal of the responsible agent. In most cases, this is difficult, because these patients often require the life-saving exogenous corticosteroids (e.g., after transplantation)….
Treatment: Therapy for skin myxomas includes observation or excision of individual lesions. Lentigines and blue nevi can be removed for cosmetic purposes. Atrial myxomas are the leading cause of morbidity…
Treatment: BCCs tend to be multiple. Routine skin examinations and prompt removal of basal cell skin cancers help decrease the size of scarring and disfigurement resulting from surgery. All patients…
Therapy: Treatment of warfarin necrosis requires discontinuation of warfarin and initiation of heparin anticoagulation and supportive care with fresh-frozen plasma and vitamin K replace the lost protein C and protein…
