Consulting Editor

J. REGAN THOMAS, MD, FACS

Professor and Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

Editor

MARK K. WAX, MD, FACS, FRCS(C)

Professor Otolaryngology, Professor Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Program Director, Director Microvascular Reconstruction, Past President American Head and Neck Society, Past President Otolaryngology Program Directors Organization, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon

Editor

MARK K. WAX, MD, FACS, FRCS(C)

Professor Otolaryngology, Professor Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Program Director, Director Microvascular Reconstruction, Past President American Head and Neck Society, Past President Otolaryngology Program Directors Organization, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon

Authors

DANE M. BARRETT, MD

Fellow/Clinical Instructor, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon

ADITI BHUSKUTE, MD

Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California

LOU BUCKY, MD

Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

PATRICK J. BYRNE, MD, MBA

Professor and Division Director of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

STEVEN B. CANNADY, MD

Assistant Professor, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

FERNANDO J. CASANUEVA, MD

Observational Fellow, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon

TED A. COOK, MD, FACS

Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Professor, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon

RAJ DEDHIA, MD

Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California

FRED G. FEDOK, MD, FACS

Adjunct Professor, Department of Surgery, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; Professor, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania

OREN FRIEDMAN, MD

Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

MICHAEL A. FRITZ, MD

Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Associate Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio

ERIC M. GENDEN, MD, MHCA, FACS

Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York

DENIZ GERECCI, MD

Resident, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon

JAVIER GONZÁLEZ-CASTRO, MD

Assistant Professor, Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico

KYLE HATTEN, MD

Fellow, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

TSUNG-YEN HSIEH, MD

Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California

LISA E. ISHII, MD, MHS

Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

JARROD KEELER, MD

Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California

ROBERT M. KELLMAN, MD, FACS

Chair, Department of Otolaryngology, SUNY Upstate, Syracuse, New York

LESLIE KIM, MD, MPH

Instructor in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

P. DANIEL KNOTT, MD

Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California

JESSYKA G. LIGHTHALL, MD

Assistant Professor, Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Director of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania

SAM P. MOST, MD

Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California

REGINA E. RODMAN, MD

Facial Plastics and Craniofacial Surgery, SUNY Upstate, Syracuse, New York

ERIC S. ROSENBERGER, MD

Fellow, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

JACK E. RUSSO, MD, MS

Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York

CRAIG SENDERS, MD

Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California

RAHUL SETH, MD

Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California

MIKA SUMIYOSHI, MD

Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California

MATTHEW TAMPLEN, MD

Resident Physician, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California

SHERARD TATUM, MD

Professor of Otolaryngology and Pediatrics, Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, Cleft and Craniofacial Center, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York

WILLIAM WALSH THOMAS, MD

Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

TRAVIS T. TOLLEFSON, MD, MPH, FACS

Professor, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California

DEAN M. TORIUMI, MD

Professor, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

TOM D. WANG, MD, FACS

Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Professor, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon

MARK K. WAX, MD, FACS, FRCS(C)

Professor Otolaryngology, Professor Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Program Director, Director Microvascular Reconstruction, Past President American Head and Neck Society, Past President Otolaryngology Program Directors Organization, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon