Current progress in robotic technology is impressive: Instead of the simple joystick station – the operator have access to the entire sophisticated surgeon-controlled command center. Slave robot is not a single arm manipulator anymore. Now there are two, three or more arm devices equipped in the variety of the end effectors (Fig. 69.3).

Multiple arm setting is able to work successfully thanks to the thousands time faster computers which are crunching millions of digital calculations per second. It is now a real time operating system. And now, ironically, the surgeon-operator became the slowest part of the system. However, despite the some speed deficiencies, the human operator will be still for many years the only Brain and the Master of the operations.

In addition to the progress in computer technology, the accurate 3D vision is available and facilitates the smallest possible operating field – which is needed for successful performance of the microsurgical tasks. The ability of manipulators to remarkably reduce hand tremor improves procedure outcomes and lowers the human error rates [7]. However, at the same time introduction of remarkable tremor suppressing features into the robot supported surgical procedures is on the cost of the prolonged operating time [8].

The milestone of utilizing robotic science in medicine in general and particularly in the surgical fields was when FDA approval of the robots was granted for the use during surgical procedures. In addition, the robots can diminish an influence of anxiety, fatigue, and/or age-related factors [9] which are unavoidable in case of human surgeons.

Microsurgeon’s manual efficiency is improved via magnification of the surgical area and scaling of the precise movements with simultaneous filtering of the vibration of the hands. Surgical procedures of free flaps are the next important example of taking the advantage of the mentioned above robots features in addition to the range of motion of the wrist and fingers of human operator.