The infraorbital nerve and zygomaticofacial nerve pass through each foramen respectively. The zygomaticofacial nerve supplies the skin over the prominence of the cheek.

The anterior superior alveolar nerve arises from the infraorbital nerve within the infraorbital canal and runs within the bone of the anterior maxillary wall. It supplies the anterior third of half side of teeth.

The middle superior alveolar nerve is an inconsistent branch that arises from the infraorbital nerve or maxillary nerve. It supplies the sinus mucosa, the middle third of half side of teeth when it presents. In the majority of cases, it is nonexistent, so the posterior superior alveolar nerve alone innervates the premolars and molars.

The infraorbital artery originates from the pterygopalatine segment of the maxillary artery. It enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure, runs on the floor of the orbit in the infraorbital groove and canal, and emerges onto the face at the infraorbital foramen.

The anterior superior alveolar artery originates from the infraorbital artery within the infraorbital canal. It supplies the anterior teeth and the anterior part of the maxillary sinus.

The infraorbital nerve and vessels run on the roof of the maxillary sinus. The maxillary ostium is seen at a high position behind the nasolacrimal duct on the medial wall of the sinus. An accessory ostium is sometimes present behind the major ostium.

The innervation of the maxillary sinus is derived from the maxillary nerve via its infraorbital and anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar nerves.

The bony canal for the nasolacrimal duct has been partially opened to expose the nasolacrimal duct. The duct forms a bony torus on the medial wall of the maxillary sinus.

The ethmoid sinus and the sphenoid sinus have been opened through the medial maxillary wall. The infraorbital nerve and vessels are exposed by removing the bony roof of the maxillary sinus.