Injection of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of the Gummy Smile
David A. Sieber
Jeffrey M. Kenkel
DEFINITION
Gummy smile is the hyperactivity of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi with animation causing excess upper lip elevation and exposure of the gums.
ANATOMY
The levator labii superioris alequae nasi originates on the medial wall of the maxilla and then divides into two heads that insert into the nasal ala and medial orbicularis oris (FIG 1).
PATIENT HISTORY AND PHYSICAL FINDINGS
Patients may present complaining of “too much teeth or gums showing while smiling” or may also state that their “upper lip is too short” with animation.
NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
Nonoperative management using any form of the currently available botulinum toxins (onabotulinumtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA, and incobotulinumtoxinA) can successfully treat a gummy smile. Typically, 2 to 4 units per side are selected as a starting dose, depending on degree of deformity and prior patient injection history.
Positioning
The patient should be comfortably seated in an upright position.