According to the histological examinations, failed flaps revealed remarkable endothelial and interstitial oedema, including intravascular thrombi. Survived flaps in which streptokinase was used could be able to withstand endothelial oedema and perfusion persisted leading to clearence of the interstitial oedema (Fig. 32.3). We also found that successful flaps prominently contracted after the first week (Figs. 32.1 and 32.2).

We had performed one case of preliminary study in which we had cryopreserved cremaster flap of an isogenic rat for 1 week in −196° with DMSO perfusion through external iliac artery and thawed using sucrose perfusion including heparin and streptokinase administration. After thawing we have transplanted the cryopreserved cremaster muscle flap to the groin region of the recipient rat via anastomosis to the femoral artery and vein (Fig. 32.4). After spreading to the intravital microscope observation chamber we have noticed the patent perfusion through main branches using optical doppler but it was impossible to visualize the microcirculatory functions in capillary bed and postcapillary venules because of the remarkable oedema.