Summary and Key Features
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Peptides are a common raw material incorporated in cosmetic formulations for cosmeceutical applications, particularly in achieving specific skin rejuvenation outcomes and addressing various skin conditions.
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These peptides can be customized to have a particular function in the skin, such as anti-aging benefit, anti-inflammatory benefits, oxidative stress management, promotion of skin turnover, or improvement of the skin barrier.
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Classification of these peptides are based on their functionality.
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Typically, peptides influence the skin by regulating signaling pathways, maintaining cellular processes, or providing structural support.
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This chapter reviews the different classes of peptides used in dermocosmetics, their bioactivities, and their role in protecting and maintaining normal skin function in healthy and compromised skin.
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This chapter also highlights peptides incorporated in formulations by cosmetic industry leaders.
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Introduction
Cosmetic formulations, particularly for cosmeceutical applications, utilize specific raw materials such as extracts, peptides, and bioactives to achieve desired aesthetic outcomes. Of these ingredients, peptides have grown in popularity in recent years due to their targeted approach in addressing certain skin conditions and ability for customization. In fact, it is projected that the global cosmetic peptide synthesis market will have a compound annual growth rate of 5.6% and reach $331.3 million by the end of 2032. Peptides, by definition, are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Chains with fewer than 20 amino acids are called oligopeptides and include dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides; longer, continuous, unbranched peptide chains are called polypeptides . Peptides fall under the broad chemical classes of biological polymers and oligomers, alongside nucleic acids, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and others.
Cosmeceutical peptides are produced via chemical, enzymatic, or fermentation processes. Small peptides are generally synthesized in the laboratory or manufactured at large scale for cosmeceutical applications through solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Some naturally derived peptides are purified from natural sources such as plant extracts or fermentation processes. Each of these methods has its benefits and drawbacks. Naturally occurring bioactive peptides in the skin are generated by proteolytic cleavage of endogenous proteins present in the epidermis and dermis. The resultant peptide fragments of extracellular matrix proteins (ECMs), such as collagen, elastin, and fibronectin, serve regulatory roles in skin cells by stimulating or inhibiting the synthesis of ECM proteins.
Synthetic peptides have thus been generated to exploit this endogenous process to influence skin health and appearance. The effect of topically applied peptides can be limited due to their bioavailability in the skin. Generally, bioavailability depends on different factors: (1) solubility and partition coefficient, (2) molecular size (less than 500 Daltons), (3) penetration and binding affinity to various skin levels, (4) stability, (5) cutaneous metabolism, and (6) site, area, duration, and mode of application. The hydrophilic nature of many oligopeptides presents a barrier to their penetration through the stratum corneum. This challenge is often addressed by modification via lipid conjugation to facilitate permeability and delivery to the epidermis and dermis without transport to the bloodstream.
Peptides and their derivatives are used in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals for a variety of applications including antiaging benefits, inflammation management, wound-healing effects, oxidative stress protection, stimulation of matrix component production, stimulation of desquamation, and enhancement of the skin permeability barrier. Peptides can be classified based on their structure and function. This chapter reviews the different classes of peptides used in dermocosmetics, their bioactivities, and their role in protecting and maintaining normal skin function in healthy and compromised skin. As it is impossible to provide an exhaustive list of all published peptides in each of the categories, this chapter highlights the commonly used peptides from cosmetic industry leaders.
Classes of Peptides in Dermocosmetics
Endogenous and Synthetic Bioactive Peptides
Peptides used in skin care can be classified based on their structure and function. Generally, these peptides work by regulating signaling pathways, maintaining cellular processes, or providing structural support to the skin. Table 17.1 shows a partial list of bioactive peptides present in the skin or synthesized for topical application to provide benefit to the skin. These peptides may be fragments of skin-derived proteins such as collagens or other matrix proteins. Many of these fragments can stimulate or inhibit enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of skin proteins, thereby providing various benefits. These peptides or their synthetic derivatives are also used as cosmeceuticals or topical therapeutics. It is important to note that current technology permits the synthetic production of most naturally occurring peptides.
| Peptide | Mode of Action | Cosmeceutical Application |
|---|---|---|
| Metal Carrier Peptides | ||
| GHK-Cu peptide, glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine; Bis (tripeptide-1) copper acetate (copper peptide) | Promote collagen and extracellular matrix synthesis | Antiaging, antiwrinkle, pigmentation, wound healing |
| GHK-Mn (manganese peptide) | Antioxidant, stimulates extracellular matrix | Antiaging, photoprotection |
| Signal Peptides | ||
| Acetyl tetrapeptide-9, -11, hexapeptide (e.g., AcTP-1,2) | Stimulate collagen, keratinocyte growth | Skin firming, antiaging |
| Tripeptide-10 citrulline (e.g., Decorinyl) | Regulates dermal fibroblast growth | Antiaging, antiwrinkle |
| Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12 (e.g., Biopeptide-EL) | Matrix metalloproteinase stimulator, elastase activator | Antiaging |
| Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 (e.g., Biopeptide-CL) | Collagen and glycosaminoglycan stimulator | Antiaging |
| Transforming growth factor beta stimulator (e.g., Lipospondin) | Collagen and extracellular matrix stimulator | Antiaging |
| p-53 downregulator (e.g., hexapeptide-11) | Protects fibroblasts from oxidative stress | Antioxidant, photoprotector |
| Proline-lysine-glutamic acid-lysine | Cytokine downregulator | Regulates melanogenesis |
| Glycine-glutamate-lysine-glycine | Collagen stimulator | Antiaging |
| SA1-III | Collagen turnover modulator | Antiaging |
| Neurotransmitter Inhibitory Peptides | ||
| Tripeptide-3 (e.g., SYN-AKE) | Tripeptide mimics a peptide found in the venom of the temple viper; ACh receptor antagonist reduces muscle contraction, stimulates collagen synthesis | Antiaging |
| Pentapeptide-18 (Leuphasyl); Pentapeptide-3 (Vialox) | Synthetic peptides that mimic neurotransmitter inhibitors to paralyze muscles, reduce wrinkles | Antiaging, wrinkle reduction |
| Acetyl hexapeptide-3 (Argireline) | Interrupts SNARE complex to help reduce muscle contraction | Antiaging, wrinkle reduction |
| Acetyl octapeptide-1, -3 (SNAP-8) | Inhibits SNAP-8 and blocks SNARE complex formation | Antiaging, wrinkle reduction |
| Antimicrobial Peptides | ||
| α- and β-defensins | Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities | Immune modulation, prevention of skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis |
| Cathelicidin | Proinflammatory cytokine generation, antibacterial; involved in pathogenesis of inflammatory skin disease | Antimicrobial and immune function |
| Dermcidin | Cationic peptides bind to bacterial cell wall | New class of potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial |
| RNase 7 | Highly expressed in outermost differentiated epidermal layers where microbial insult is to occur | Antimicrobial |
| S100A7/psoriasin | Protects skin against invading pathogens, demonstrated benefit against E. coli | Antimicrobial |
| Lactoferrin | Involved in iron metabolism; also antibacterial | Antimicrobial |
| Serine protease inhibitor (e.g., Elafin/SKALP) | Protease inhibitor and antimicrobial | Antimicrobial and immune function |
| 37–amino acid fragment of cathelicidin (LL-37) | Antiinflammatory, antibacterial | Wound healing, antimicrobial protection |
| Natural Moisturizing Factor–Derived Peptides | ||
| Histidine dipeptide (e.g., Carnosine) | Barrier protection, wound healing | Barrier integrity and wound healing |
| Filaggrin-derived peptides (e.g., urocanic acid and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid) | Supplements natural moisturizing factor for stratum corneum | Barrier repair |
| Growth Factor–Derived Peptides | ||
| Cell rejuvenation serum containing liposome-encapsulated transforming growth factor beta 1 (e.g., transforming growth factor liposome) | Cellular rejuvenation, increased cell proliferation | Antiwrinkle effects, antiaging effects |
| Human neutrophil elastase (protease inhibitor) | Matrix remodeling, extracellular matrix stimulation | Antiaging |
| Lipopentapeptide, in combination with white lupin peptide | Increases fibrillin-1 and procollagen I deposition | Antiaging, skin rejuvenation |
| Soluble RGD peptides | Released during the proteolytic remodeling of the extracellular matrix | Wound healing |
| Antiinflammatory Peptides | ||
| Inhibitor of human leukocyte (e.g., Elafin) | Protease inhibitor isolated from psoriatic skin | Antiinflammatory and desquamation enhancer |
| Antioxidative collagen derived peptide (e.g., Arg-Ser-Arg-Lys) | Antioxidant | Ultraviolet protection, wound healing |
| LE (Leu+Glu), | Protects skin from UVB-induced prostaglandin E and photoinflammation | Protects skin from UVB-induced photoinflammation |
| MW (Met+Trp) | Same as above | Same as above |
| MY (Met+Tyr) | Same as above | Same as above |
| Collagen-Derived Peptides | ||
| Palmitoyl lysine-threonine-threonine-lysine-serine and other acyl pentapeptides (e.g., Matrixyl) | Stimulate collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in dermis | Antiaging, antiwrinkle |
| Glycine-glutamate-lysine-glycine | Induces the expression of procollagen I, hyaluronic acid, and fibronectin mRNA and induces secretion of procollagen I | Antiaging, antiwrinkle |
| Pigmentation-Modulating Peptides | ||
| Peptides derived from α-melanocyte stimulating hormone | Stimulates melanogenesis | Ultraviolet protection, skin pigmentation enhancement, skin tanning |
| Lysine-glycine-lysine and proline-lysine-glycine-lysine | Inhibits melanogenesis | Skin whitening effects |
| Peptide fragment of α-MSH, His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp | A potent MCR1 agonist that stimulates tyrosinase activity and thus melanogenesis | Reduced UVR-induced apoptosis, hydrogen peroxide release, and DNA photoprotectant |
| Proopiomelanocortin and melanocortin peptides | Stimulate eumelanin synthesis, antipyretic and antiinflammatory | Pigmentation enhancer |
Table 17.2 highlights some peptides that are used in commercial products by skin care and cosmetics industry leaders. It is important to note that most formulations on the market utilize a blend of peptides to maximize the benefits seen by the consumer. While this chapter covers peptides used for cosmeceutical purposes, peptides are also commonly used in hair care formulas to encourage hair growth and are integrated in makeup to bring about additional skin care benefits.
| Brand | Product | Peptides in Formulation | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| ALASTIN Skincare | Restorative Eye Treatment | Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12; Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Tetrapeptide-30 | Removes damage and promotes production of elastin/collagen |
| Restorative Skin Complex | Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12; Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Palmitoyl tripeptide-5; Palmitoyl dipeptide-5; Diaminobutyroyl hydroxythreonine; Palmitoyl dipeptide-5; Diaminohydroxybutyrate; Acetyl hexapeptide-38 | Removes damage and promotes production of elastin/collagen | |
| Ultra-Nourishing Moisturizer; Regenerating Skin Nectar; Ultra-Light Moisturizer | Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12; Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 | Remove damage and promote production of elastin/collagen | |
| TransFORM Body Treatment | Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12; Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Hexapeptide-11; Acetyl tetrapeptide-2 | Removes damage and promotes production of elastin/collagen, improves skin texture | |
| INhance Post-Injection Serum | Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12; Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Acetyl hexapeptide-38; Acetyl tetrapeptide-2 | Removes damage and promotes production of elastin/collagen, improves skin texture, supports production of hyaluronic acid | |
| Avene | RetrinAL | Oleoyl dipeptide-15; Oleoyl tetrapeptide-31 | Antioxidant, antiglycation |
| bareMinerals | Strength & Length Serum-Infused Brow Gel | Acetyl tetrapeptide-3 | Combats hair loss by stimulating dermal papilla extracellular matrix proteins |
| Ageless Phyto-Retinol Eye Cream | Palmitoyl tripeptide-5; Sh-hexapeptide-2; Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 | Minimizes wrinkles by stimulating collagen and hyaluronic production, boosts skin elasticity and firmness by promoting extracellular matrix protein synthesis | |
| Bioelements | Sleepwear | Palmitoyl oligopeptide | Revitalizes mature skin |
| Power Peptide | Acetyl hexapeptide-8 | Relaxes muscle contraction to reduce appearance of wrinkles | |
| Carita | OR Rejuvenic Eye Cream | Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 | Minimizes wrinkles by stimulating collagen and hyaluronic production, helps damaged skin |
| Jeunesse Originelle Nuit (Genesis of Youth Night Cream) | Hexanoyl dipeptide-3 norleucine acetate | Enhances skin surface renewal and exfoliation | |
| Cristal Morphologic Serum | Acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl ester; Rice peptides | Soothes inflammation and irritated skin, improves skin firmness | |
| Colorescience | Tint Du Soleil SPF 30 Whipped Foundation | Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 | Stimulates collagen and hyaluronic acid production, improves skin tone |
| Dermatologica | Super Rich Repair | Palmitoyl tripeptide-5 | Stimulates collagen production and skin repair |
| Dynamic Skin Recovery Broad Spectrum SPF 50 | Palmitoyl tripeptide-5; Arginine/lysine polypeptide | Stimulates collagen production and skin repair, antioxidant to help with tissue healing | |
| Age Smart Skinperfect Primer SPF 30 | Arginine/lysine polypeptide; Palmitoyl dipeptide-5 diaminobutyroyl; Hydroxythreonine; Palmitoyl dipeptide-5 diaminohydroxybutyrate | Antioxidant to help with tissue healing, stimulates collagen production | |
| Renewal Lip Complex | Arginine/lysine polypeptide; Palmitoyl oligopeptide | Antioxidant to help with tissue healing, stimulates collagen production | |
| Overnight Repair Serum | Palmitoyl tripeptide-38 | Helps restore damaged skin | |
| Multivitamin Power Serum | Palmitoyl hexapeptide-14 | Stimulates collagen production to reduce appearance of fine lines/wrinkles | |
| UltraCalming Serum Concentrate | Acetyl tetrapeptide-15 | Soothes inflammation and irritated skin | |
| Dr. Dennis Gross Skincare | Clinical Grade Resurfacing Liquid Peel | Hexanoyl dipeptide-3 norleucine acetate | Enhances skin surface renewal and exfoliation |
| EltaMD | Renew Eye Gel | Acetyl hexapeptide-8; Palmitoyl tripeptide-5 | Relaxes muscle contraction to reduce appearance of wrinkles, stimulates collagen synthesis and skin repair |
| Kiehl’s | Powerful Strength Line Reducing Eye Brightening Concentrate; Eye Fuel | Palmitoyl oligopeptide; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 | Stimulate extracellular matrix production, improve skin firmness, reduce inflammation |
| KORRES | Black Pine 3D Eye-Lift Super Serum | Hexapeptide-11 | Reduces appearance of fine line/wrinkles |
| La Roche-Posay | Toleriane Dermallergo Moisturizing Cream; Redermic C Normal to Combination; Substiane Riche; Substiane Eyes | Acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl ester | Soothe inflammation and irritated skin |
| Lancôme | Absolue L’Extrait Ultimate Eye Contour Balm and Mask | Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7; Dipeptide-2 | Stimulate extracellular matrix production, improve skin firmness, reduce inflammation, reduce undereye puffiness |
| Neocutis | Lumiere Firm Rich Extra Moisturizing Illuminating & Tightening Eye Cream; Bio Cream Firm | Tetrapeptide-21; Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 acetate | Stimulate collagen production, antiaging benefits |
| Neolastin | Face and Neck Regenerative Serum | Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 | Minimizes wrinkles by stimulating collagen and hyaluronic production, helps damaged skin |
| NeoStrata | Skin Active Intensive Eye Therapy | Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 | Minimizes wrinkles by stimulating collagen and hyaluronic production |
| Skin Active-Matrix Support SPF 30; Skin Active Cellular Restoration; Skin Active Dermal Replenishment; Enlighten Brighten Eye Cream | Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 | Minimize wrinkles by stimulating collagen and hyaluronic production, help damaged skin | |
| Redness Neutralizing Serum | Palmitoyl tripeptide-8 | Prevents and soothes inflammation and irritated skin | |
| Olay | Collagen Peptide 24 | Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 | Stimulates production of extracellular matrix components |
| Regenerist MAX Wrinkle Serum | Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4; Palmitoyl dipeptide-7; Tropaeolum majus flower/leaf/stem extract | Stimulates production of extracellular matrix components, improves skin texture and firmness | |
| Paula’s Choice | Peptide Booster | Tripeptide-1; Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7; Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12; Myristoyl hexapeptide-16; Myristoyl pentapeptide-17; Hexanoyl dipeptide-3 norleucine acetate; Azelaoyl bis-dipeptide-10 | Stimulates production of extracellular matrix components, improves skin texture and firmness, skin brightening, antioxidant benefits |
| Super Antioxidant Serum | Palmitoyl tripeptide-5 | Boosts collagen production and improves skin texture | |
| Intensive Repair Cream | Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7; Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12 | Stimulates production of extracellular matrix components, improves skin texture and firmness | |
| PCA SKIN | Hyaluronic Acid Lip Booster | Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Palmitoyl tripeptide-38 | Protects damaged skin |
| ExLinea Peptide Smoothing Anti-Aging Facial Serum | Acetyl hexapeptide-8 | Relaxes muscle contraction to reduce appearance of wrinkles | |
| ExLinea Pro Peptide Serum | Acetyl octapeptide-3; Acetyl hexapeptide-8 | Reduces wrinkles, relaxes muscle contraction to reduce appearance of wrinkles | |
| Ideal Complex Restorative Eye Cream | Myristoyl nonapeptide-3; Myristoyl hexapeptide-4; Myristoyl pentapeptide-8; Dipeptide diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide diacetate; Acetyl tetrapeptide-5; Palmitoyl tripeptide-38 | Promotes collagen synthesis, prevents wrinkles, increases cell turnover, mimics effect of vitamin A | |
| Perricone MD | Neuropeptide Facial Cream | Acetyl tetrapeptide-9 | Restores skin’s natural support via lumican |
| Peter Thomas Roth | Peptide 21 Elastic Moisture Emulsion | Hexapeptide-11; Dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate; Palmitoyl tripeptide-5; Tripeptide-10 citrulline; Acetyl hexapeptide-1; Acetyl tetrapeptide-11; Acetyl hexapeptide-8; Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12; | Stimulates collagen/elastin/hyaluronic acid production, improves hydration, improves skin repair, relaxes muscle contractions to reduce the appearance of wrinkles, improves fine lines/wrinkles |
Acetyl tetrapeptide-9; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7; Acetyl tetrapeptide-2; Acetyl octapeptide-3; Palmitoyl hexapeptide-19; Trifluoroacetyl tripeptide-2; Tripeptide-1; Palmitoyl oligopeptide; Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Tetradecyl aminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric urea trifluoroacetate; Pseudoalteromonas ferment extract | |||
| Instant FIRMx Eye Temporary Eye Tightener | Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7; Dipeptide-2 | Minimizes wrinkles by stimulating collagen and hyaluronic production, improves microcirculation | |
| Revision Skincare | Nectifirm ADVANCED | Palmitoyl tripeptide-38; Palmitoyl tripeptide-5; Trifluoroacetyl tripeptide-2; Acetyl tetrapeptide-2; Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12; Acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl ester | Stimulates collagen production, antiaging benefits, soothing |
| SkinCeuticals | A.G.E. Eye Cream Complex | Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Dipeptide-2; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 | Skin conditioning, enhances collagen/hyaluronic acid production |
| Antioxidant Lip Repair Treatment | Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 | Stimulates collagen production | |
| Phyto Corrective Hydrating + Calming Mask | Acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl ester | Soothes inflammation and irritated skin | |
| Metacell Renewal B3 Lotion; Tripeptide-R Neck Repair Cream; Body Tightening & Firming Concentrate | Tetradecyl aminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric urea trifluoroacetate (SYN-HYCAN) | Stimulate hyaluronic acid production and improve skin firmness, smoothness, and moisture | |
| Redness Neutralizer Lotion | Palmitoyl tripeptide-8 | Prevents and soothes inflammation and irritated skin | |
| SkinMedica | TNS Advanced+ Serum | Trifluoroacetyl tripeptide-2; Dimer tripeptide-43 | Firms and smooths fine lines/wrinkles |
| TNS Eye Repair | Palmitoyl oligopeptide; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 | Stimulates collagen and hyaluronic acid production, improves overall appearance | |
| LYTERA 2.0 Pigment Correcting Serum | Tetrapeptide-30 | Chelating agent | |
| Retinol Complex | Palmitoyl tripeptide-8 | Soothes inflammation and irritated skin | |
| LUMVIVE System | Acetyl tetrapeptide-2; Pentapeptide-34 trifluoroacetate | Antioxidant, maintains cellular energy production, stimulates collagen/elastin production | |
| The Ordinary | “Buffet” + Copper Peptides 1% | Copper tripeptide-1; Acetyl hexapeptide-8; Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Pentapeptide-18; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7; Palmitoyl tripeptide-38; Dipeptide diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide diacetate; Acetylarginyltryptophyl diphenylglycine | Wound healing benefit, stimulates extracellular matrix components, antiinflammation, antioxidant benefits, relaxes muscle contraction to reduce appearance of wrinkles, skin conditioning, improves skin firmness |
| Multi-Peptide + HA Serum | Acetyl hexapeptide-8; Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Pentapeptide-18; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7; Palmitoyl tripeptide-38; Dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate; Acetylarginyltryptophyl diphenylglycine | Stimulates extracellular matrix components, relaxes muscle contraction to reduce appearance of wrinkles, skin conditioning, improves skin firmness | |
| Argireline Solution 10% | Acetyl hexapeptide-8 | Relaxes muscle contraction to reduce appearance of wrinkles, moisturizing | |
| Multi-Peptide Serum for Hair Density | Biotinoyl tripeptide-1; Acetyl tetrapeptide-3 | Hair care and growth, fights follicle aging | |
| Matrixyl 10% + HA | Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7; Palmitoyl tripeptide-38 | Minimizes wrinkles by stimulating collagen and hyaluronic production, helps damaged skin | |
| Multi-Peptide Lash and Brow Serum | Myristoyl pentapeptide-17; Biotinoyl tripeptide-1; Oligopeptide-2; Acetyl-tetrapeptide-3 | Hair care and growth, fights follicle aging | |
| Vichy | LiftActiv Serum 10 Eyes & Lashes | Palmitoyl oligopeptide; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 | Minimizes wrinkles by stimulating collagen and hyaluronic production |
| LiftActiv Peptide-C Face Moisturizer | Phyto peptides from green peas | Targets signs of aging and increases skin firmness | |
| LiftActiv Collagen Specialist | Acetyl tetrapeptide-9 | Restores skin’s natural support via lumican | |
| Youth to the People | Triple Peptide + Cactus Oasis Serum | Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7; Palmitoyl tripeptide-28 | Minimizes wrinkles by stimulating collagen and hyaluronic production, helps damaged skin |
| Polypeptide-121 Future Cream | Sh-polypeptide-121; Acetyl tetrapeptide-11; Acetyl tetrapeptide-9; Acetyl tetrapeptide-2 | Bioidentical vegan collagen that reduces wrinkles/redness/puffiness, stimulates skin immune defense, helps skin regeneration, restores skin’s natural support via lumican | |
| ZO Skin Health | Brightalive | Palmitoyl sh-octapeptide-24 amide; Palmitoyl sh-tripeptide-5 norisoleucyl sh-nonapeptide-1 | Skin brightening |
| Intense Eye Cream | Palmitoyl tripeptide-1; Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 | Minimizes wrinkles by stimulating collagen and hyaluronic production, helps damaged skin | |
| Firming Serum; Wrinkle + Texture Repair | Caprooyl tetrapeptide-3 | Stimulate production of extracellular matrix components | |
| Growth Factor Serum | Dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate | Minimizes appearance of expression lines |
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