A

Ablative resurfacing. See Laser ablative resurfacing.

Adamson and Kim, on rhinoplasty, alloplastic vs. autologous implants for, 39–41

endonasal approach to, 30

evolution, observations, and lessons learned, 47–49

open vs. closed approach to, 26–27

reduction, spreader grafts for reduction of upper lateral cartilage, 43–44, 49

tip lobule as divided or preserved in, 31–35

intraoperative photographs of, 32

schematic procedural illustrations of, 33

vertical division of M-arch and, 31–32

Adamson and Warner, on revision rhinoplasty

alloplasts in, 80–83

dorsal augmentation in, best substance for when cartilage not available, 64–66

prevention of warping of rib cartilage grafts, 70

single most difficult challenge in, 57–58

spreader grafts for reduction of upper lateral cartilage, 75–76

Adamson, Peter A., MD, on revision rhinoplasty. See Adamson and Warner.

on rhinoplasty. See Adamson and Kim.

Adipocytes, physiology of, 130

Adult orthognathic surgery, distraction osteogenesis role in, 140–141

Sidman on, 140–141

Tatum on, 141

Advanced Fitzpatrick skin types, chemical peels in, 12–13

Cortez on, 12

Fedok on, 12

Mangat on, 12–13

spot testing with agents for, 11

Aesthetic aspects, of lower lid blepharoplasty, 101, 112, 116–117

of midface lift, 120, 132, 135

of rhinoplasty, 51–52

revision, 58, 75, 86, 88

spreader grafts and, reduction, 44, 46, 52

revision, 75–76, 79

Age/aging, in facial rejuvenation. See Facial aging.

Airway adjuvants, for micrognathia, 139–140

Airway compromise, distraction osteogenesis and, 143

in neonates. See Micrognathia.

distraction osteogenesis for. See Neonatal distraction osteogenesis.

with craniofacial microsomia, 142

Alar base, over-resection of, in revision rhinoplasty, 60–61

reduction of, in rhinoplasty, 49

Alar cartilage, in rhinoplasty, strength and position of, 52

vertical dome division and, 35–37

vertical lobule division and, 35

Alar crease, in rhinoplasty, 52

Alar deformities, in revision rhinoplasty, as difficult, 59–62

Alar notching/retraction, in revision rhinoplasty, 60–61, 63

Alar rim, in rhinoplasty, 52

Alloderm, in rhinoplasty, 41

Allografts, in rhinoplasty, 39. See also specific graft.

advantage of, 40–41

complications of, 41–42

evolution of, 50

sources of, 42

Alloplastic implants. See also specific implant.

in midface lift, 129–130

in revision rhinoplasty, 80–85

Adamson and Warner on, 80–83

Becker on, 83

for dorsal augmentation, 67, 80, 83–84

Romo on, 83–85

Toriumi on, 85

in rhinoplasty, vs. autologous implants, 39–43, 51

Alloplastic vs. autologous implants, for rhinoplasty, 39–43

Adamson and Kim on, 39–41

Constantinides on, 41–42, 51

Pearlman on, 42–43

Antibiotics, pre-peel use of, 17

Antivirals, pre-peel use of, 17

Antunes, Marcelo B., MD, on midface lift. See Quatela and Antunes.

Arch symmetry, in rhinoplasty, tip lobule division vs. preservation and, 38

vertical dome division and, 35–37

vertical lobule division and, 33–34

Arcus marginalus, in lower lid blepharoplasty, 104–105, 114

in midface lift, 125–126, 129–130

Augmentation material. See also specific material.

in midface lift, 129–131

in revision rhinoplasty, best, when septal and ear cartilage not available, 64–70

in rhinoplasty, 39, 41, 49

Auricular cartilage grafts. See Conchal cartilage grafts.

Autologous grafts/implants. See also specific anatomical graft.

fat, in lower lid blepharoplasty, 106

in midface lift, 129–132

in revision rhinoplasty, 67–68, 83

for dorsal augmentation, 67–68

in rhinoplasty, 39

sources of, 39–40

vs. alloplastic implants, 39–43, 51

Auto-spreader flap, in rhinoplasty, 45–46, 49, 51

B

Baker, Shan, MD, on lower lid blepharoplasty, displeasing effect most frequently seen in, 97–98

evolution, observations, and lessons learned, 112–117

controversy surrounding, 116–117

discussion on, 115, 117

synopsis of, 113–116

midface lifting approach used with, 107

pseudoherniated fat management in, 102–103

skin removal quantity in, 102, 113–117

surgical approach most frequently used for, 100

Baker-Gordon chemical peel, before and after photographs of, 16, 18–21

croton oil–phenol peel vs., 2–4, 6, 16, 21

cardiotoxicity with, 10–11

in advanced Fitzpatrick skin types, 12

reepithelialization rate with, 15

Batten grafts, in rhinoplasty, 51

Becker, Daniel, MD, on revision rhinoplasty

alloplasts in, 83

dorsal augmentation in, best substance for when cartilage not available, 66–67

prevention of warping of rib cartilage grafts, 70

single most difficult challenge in, 58–59

spreader grafts for reduction of upper lateral cartilage, 76–77

Bend tendency, of rib cartilage grafts, in prevention of warping, 71

Blepharoplasty, lower lid, 97–118 . See also Lower lid blepharoplasty.

vs. midface lift vs. fillers, 130–132

Keller and Seth on, 130–131

Quatela and Antunes on, 131–132

Sykes and Magill on, 132, 135

Bone grafts, cranial, in rhinoplasty, 40

in distraction osteogenesis, 141–142, 145

in revision rhinoplasty, for dorsal augmentation, 66–68

Bone remodeling, in distraction osteogenesis, 141, 144

Bone stock, in distraction osteogenesis, 145

Bones, craniofacial, disharmony of. See Distraction osteogenesis (DO).

nasal. See Nasal bones.

Bossa, in revision rhinoplasty, as difficult, 59

Bosse technique, in midface lift, 120, 134

Brachycephaly, distraction osteogenesis for, 143

Brow lift, in midface lift, 135

transblepharoplasty, subperiosteal, 108, 125

revision rhinoplasty vs., 88–89

Brow tip, aesthetic lines of, in dorsal hump reduction, 79

Brown-Adson forceps, in lower lid blepharoplasty, 102

Buccal fat pads, in midface lift, 119

Buccal gingival incision, in midface lift, 125

Buccal mucosa, in midface lift, 126

B

Baker, Shan, MD, on lower lid blepharoplasty, displeasing effect most frequently seen in, 97–98

evolution, observations, and lessons learned, 112–117

controversy surrounding, 116–117

discussion on, 115, 117

synopsis of, 113–116

midface lifting approach used with, 107

pseudoherniated fat management in, 102–103

skin removal quantity in, 102, 113–117

surgical approach most frequently used for, 100

Baker-Gordon chemical peel, before and after photographs of, 16, 18–21

croton oil–phenol peel vs., 2–4, 6, 16, 21

cardiotoxicity with, 10–11

in advanced Fitzpatrick skin types, 12

reepithelialization rate with, 15

Batten grafts, in rhinoplasty, 51

Becker, Daniel, MD, on revision rhinoplasty

alloplasts in, 83

dorsal augmentation in, best substance for when cartilage not available, 66–67

prevention of warping of rib cartilage grafts, 70

single most difficult challenge in, 58–59

spreader grafts for reduction of upper lateral cartilage, 76–77

Bend tendency, of rib cartilage grafts, in prevention of warping, 71

Blepharoplasty, lower lid, 97–118 . See also Lower lid blepharoplasty.

vs. midface lift vs. fillers, 130–132

Keller and Seth on, 130–131

Quatela and Antunes on, 131–132

Sykes and Magill on, 132, 135

Bone grafts, cranial, in rhinoplasty, 40

in distraction osteogenesis, 141–142, 145

in revision rhinoplasty, for dorsal augmentation, 66–68

Bone remodeling, in distraction osteogenesis, 141, 144

Bone stock, in distraction osteogenesis, 145

Bones, craniofacial, disharmony of. See Distraction osteogenesis (DO).

nasal. See Nasal bones.

Bossa, in revision rhinoplasty, as difficult, 59

Bosse technique, in midface lift, 120, 134

Brachycephaly, distraction osteogenesis for, 143

Brow lift, in midface lift, 135

transblepharoplasty, subperiosteal, 108, 125

revision rhinoplasty vs., 88–89

Brow tip, aesthetic lines of, in dorsal hump reduction, 79

Brown-Adson forceps, in lower lid blepharoplasty, 102

Buccal fat pads, in midface lift, 119

Buccal gingival incision, in midface lift, 125

Buccal mucosa, in midface lift, 126

C

Cadaver cartilage grafts, in rhinoplasty, 43

CAD/CAM, in distraction osteogenesis, 144–145

Calcification, of rib cartilage, assessment of degree of, 85

Calvarial bone grafts, in revision rhinoplasty, for dorsal augmentation, 66, 68

Canthopexy, in lower lid blepharoplasty, 113

in transblepharoplasty, subperiosteal midface lift, 108

Canthoplasty, in lower lid blepharoplasty, 100, 113

in transblepharoplasty, subperiosteal midface lift, 108

Cardiotoxicity, of croton oil–phenol peel, 8, 10–11

Cortez on, 8

Fedok on, 8, 10

Mangat on, 10–11

Cartilage arch, in rhinoplasty. See also Arch symmetry.

vertical lobule division and, 31–35, 48

Cartilage grafts, in rhinoplasty, 39–40. See also specific anatomy.

as spreader grafts, 43–47

crushed, 51

revision, 86

Caudal septal extension grafts, in revision rhinoplasty, 93–94

Chemical peels, 1–23

croton oil–phenol peel as, as best method, 1–8

Cortex on, 1–3

Fedok on, 3–4

Mangat on, 4–10

cardiotoxicity with, 8, 10–11

Cortez on, 8

Fedok on, 8, 10

Mangat on, 10–11

evolution, observations, and lessons learned, 16–22

Cortez on, 16–17

Fedok on, 16–22

Mangat on, 19, 21

in advanced Fitzpatrick skin types III, IV, V, 12–13

Cortez on, 12

Fedok on, 12

Mangat on, 12–13

panel discussion questions on, 1

postpeel instructions for, 19, 22

reepithelialization rate factor for, 13–16

Cortez on, 13–15

Fedok on, 15

Mangat on, 15–16

spot testing with agents for, 11–12

Cortez on, 11

Fedok on, 11

Mangat on, 11–12

supplementary data on, 22

Chest incision, for harvesting rib cartilage grafts, 64, 68–69

Children, distraction osteogenesis indications for, 141–143

neonatal, 139–140

Cleft patients, distraction osteogenesis for, 141

Closed rhinoplasty. See Open vs. closed rhinoplasty.

CO ₂ laser. See Laser ablative resurfacing.

Coherent system, in lower lid blepharoplasty, 102

Columella show/retraction, in revision rhinoplasty, as difficult, 59, 89–92

Columellar scars, in revision rhinoplasty, 60

inverted “V,” in open rhinoplasty, 27–28

Columellar strut grafts, in revision rhinoplasty, 94

Communication, in revision rhinoplasty, as difficult, 58–59

Complication prevention, in distraction osteogenesis, 143–145

in lower lid blepharoplasty, 99, 102, 106, 117

in revision rhinoplasty, as difficult, 58, 86–87

Computer modeling/simulation, in distraction osteogenesis, 144–145

Concavity, of rib cartilage grafts, in prevention of warping, 71

Conchal cartilage grafts, in revision rhinoplasty, for dorsal augmentation, 67–68, 83

best alternative for, 64–66

in rhinoplasty, 39, 43

spreader, 44

Condylar reconstruction, distraction osteogenesis for, 142, 144

Congenital syndromes, cranial synostosis associated with, 143

micrognathia associated with, 139–140

Conjunctival edema, with lower lid blepharoplasty, 98

Conservative therapies, for cranial synostosis, 143

for micrognathia, 139–140

Constantinides, Minas, MD, on rhinoplasty, alloplastic vs. autologous implants for, 41–42

endonasal approach to, 30

as “closed” approach, 27–29

evolution, observations, and lessons learned, 49–51

open vs. closed approach to, 27–29

as endonasal approach, 30

historical perspective of, 27

incisions and columellar scar, 27–28

surgeon’s point of view in, 28–29

terminology debate on, 27

reduction, spreader grafts for reduction of upper lateral cartilage, 45–46

tip lobule as divided or preserved in, 35–37

Consultation process, in revision rhinoplasty, 58

in rhinoplasty, 51–52

Contractures, of soft tissue facets, in revision rhinoplasty, 61–63

Cornea, in lower lid blepharoplasty. See Orbital anatomy.

Corset platysmaplasty, in transblepharoplasty, subperiosteal midface lift, 109–110

Cortez, Edwin A., MD, on chemical peels, before and after photographs of, 2, 14, 17

croton oil–phenol peel, as best method, 1–3

cardiotoxicity with, 8

evolution, observations, and lessons learned, 16–17

in advanced Fitzpatrick skin types III, IV, V, 12

reepithelialization rate factor of, 13–15

spot testing with agents for, 11

Costal cartilage grafts, in revision rhinoplasty, for dorsal augmentation, 83

indications and preferences for, 64–68

prevention of warping of, 70–74

Adamson and Warner on, 70

Becker on, 70

Romo on, 71

Toriumi on, 71–74, 85, 89

harvesting techniques for, 64, 68–70, 85

in rhinoplasty, 39–41, 43, 49

Cranial asymmetry, distraction osteogenesis for, 143

Cranial bone grafts, in rhinoplasty, 40

Cranial synostosis, distraction osteogenesis for, endoscopic vs. open, 142–143

Craniofacial microsomia, distraction osteogenesis role in, 142, 145

Craniofacial surgery, distraction osteogenesis in, 142–143, 145

Cross-sectional carving, balanced, of rib cartilage grafts, for warping prevention, 70

Croton oil–phenol peel, 1–8

as best method, Cortex on, 1–3

Fedok on, 3–4

Mangat on, 4–10

Baker-Gordon chemical peel vs., 2–4, 6, 16

in advanced Fitzpatrick skin types, 12

reepithelialization rate and, 15

cardiotoxicity with, 8, 10–11

Cortez on, 8

Fedok on, 8, 10

Mangat on, 10–11

Hetter formulation for, 4, 6, 10–11, 16

in advanced Fitzpatrick skin types, 13

in advanced Fitzpatrick skin types, intense pulsed light vs. in, 12–13

laser ablative resurfacing vs. in, 12

laser ablative resurfacing vs., 3, 6, 12, 21

reepithelialization rate and, 15–16

phenol solution vs., in advanced Fitzpatrick skin types, 13

trichloroacetic acid-based peel vs., 4

Crus/crura, in revision rhinoplasty, repositioning of, 89–92

in rhinoplasty, spreader grafts and, 44, 51

tip lobule division vs. preservation and, 37–39

vertical dome division and, 35–37

vertical lobule division and, 32–34, 48

Crushed cartilage grafts, in rhinoplasty, 51

D

Deep-plane facelift, for midface lift, 120–123, 125

in lower lid blepharoplasty, 107–108, 111–112

landmarks for transitioning to, 124, 126

preauricular approach and, 128

transtemporal, 125–128

Degreasing, pre-peel, as reepithelialization rate factor, 15

Dentofacial asymmetries, in craniofacial microsomia, distraction osteogenesis for, 142

Depth of dermabrasion, as reepithelialization rate factor, in chemical peels, 13, 15

Depth of injury, as reepithelialization rate factor, in chemical peels, 15

Depth of laser, as reepithelialization rate factor, in chemical peels, 13, 15

Depth of peel, as reepithelialization rate factor, 13, 15

Depth of resurfacing, as reepithelialization rate factor, in chemical peels, 15–16

Dermabrasion depth, as reepithelialization rate factor, in chemical peels, 13, 15

Dermatochalasis, in lower lid blepharoplasty, 100, 102, 105

Diced cartilage grafts, in revision rhinoplasty, for dorsal augmentation, 67, 70

Diced cartilage in temporalis fascia (DCTF) grafts, in revision rhinoplasty, 70

in rhinoplasty, 42–43, 50–51

Dissection plane, most efficient, for midface lift, 119–122

Keller and Seth on, 119–121

Quatela and Antunes on, 121–122

Sykes and Magill on, 122

Distraction osseogenesis, 141, 144–145

Distraction osteogenesis (DO), 139–146

adult orthognathic surgery role of, 140–141

Sidman on, 140–141

Tatum on, 141

craniofacial microsomia role of, 142

Sidman on, 142

Tatum on, 142, 145

endoscopic vs. open, for synostosis, 142–143

Sidman on, 142

Tatum on, 143

evolution, observations, and lessons learned, 143–145

Sidman on, 143–144

Tatum on, 144–145

in monobloc and Le Fort III procedures, 141–142

Sidman on, 141

Tatum on, 141–142

internal vs. external devices for, 141–142

Sidman on, 141, 143–144

Tatum on, 141–142

lip-tongue adhesion vs. tracheotomy vs., 139–140

Sidman on, 139–140

Tatum on, 140

neonatal, for micrognathic airway compromise, 139–140

Sidman on, 139–140

Tatum on, 139–140

panel discussion questions on, 139

Dorsal augmentation, in revision rhinoplasty, alloplasts for, 67, 80, 83–84

best substance for when cartilage not available, 64–70

Adamson and Warner on, 64–66

Becker on, 66–67

Romo on, 67–68

Toriumi on, 68–70

in rhinoplasty, evolution of techniques for, 49–51

Dorsal hump reduction, in rhinoplasty, upper lateral cartilage in. See Spreader grafts.

Dorsal junction/profile, ULC-, in rhinoplasty, 44–47

Dorsal onlay grafts, in rhinoplasty, 42–43

revision, 75–76, 91, 94

Dorsal positioning, of rib cartilage grafts, in prevention of warping, 71

Dressings, as reepithelialization rate factor, in chemical peels, 15–16

E

Ear cartilage grafts. See Conchal cartilage grafts.

Ectropion, with lower lid blepharoplasty, 99, 101

Endonasal rhinoplasty, 30–31

Adamson and Kim on, 30

Constantinides on, 30

as “closed” approach, 27–29

dorsal hump reduction and, 76–77

Pearlman on, 30–31

terminology debate on, 27

ULC separation in, 44, 47. See also Spreader grafts.

Endoscopic midface lift, 132

in lower lid blepharoplasty, 111

Endotine, in midface lift, 123–125, 132

Epidermal inclusion cysts, with lower lid blepharoplasty, 99

Epithelial migration rate, as reepithelialization rate factor, in chemical peels, 13

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), in rhinoplasty, 42–43, 49

revision, 67, 80, 84–85

Expectations. See Patient expectations/goals.

External devices, for distraction osteogenesis, 141–142

Sidman on, 141, 143–144

Tatum on, 141–142

External rhinoplasty. See also Open vs. closed rhinoplasty.

indications for, 30–31

Extracorporeal septoplasty, 31, 51

Eye rejuvenation surgery, lower lid blepharoplasty as, 97–118 . See also Lower lid blepharoplasty.

Eyelid incision, extended subciliary, in midface lift, 122

Eyelid margin, in lower lid blepharoplasty, 102, 113

in midface lift, 133

Eyelids, lower. See also Lower eyelid.

blepharoplasty of, 97–118 . See also Lower lid blepharoplasty.

malposition of, with lower lid blepharoplasty, 99