Consulting Editor

J. REGAN THOMAS, MD, FACS

Professor and Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

Editors

LISA M. MORRIS, MD

Craniofacial/Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Craniofacial Foundation of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

SHERARD A. TATUM, MD, FACS, FAAP

Professor of Otolaryngology and Pediatrics, Cleft and Craniofacial Center, Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York

Editors

LISA M. MORRIS, MD

Craniofacial/Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Craniofacial Foundation of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

SHERARD A. TATUM, MD, FACS, FAAP

Professor of Otolaryngology and Pediatrics, Cleft and Craniofacial Center, Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York

Authors

DANIEL ALAM, MD

Professor of Surgery, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii

YASEEN ALI, MD

Fellow, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Queens Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii

AMIT D. BHRANY, MD

Clinical Associate Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

ADITI A. BHUSKUTE, MD

Resident, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California

RANDALL A. BLY, MD

Acting Assistant Professor, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

LAUREN A. BOHM, MD

Assistant Professor, Children’s ENT and Facial Plastic Surgery, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

KATHLEYN A. BRANDSTETTER, MD

Resident, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina

TIFFANY CHEN, MD

Albany Medical Center; St Peter’s Hospital; Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, New York

DANIEL COVENTRY, BSc

Medical Student, Oxford University School of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom

ASHLEY M. DAO, MD

Otolaryngology Resident, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

JOSHUA C. DEMKE, MD

Associate Professor, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Co-Chair, West Texas Craniofacial Center of Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas

CELESTE GARY, MD

Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California

STEVEN L. GOUDY, MD

Associate Professor; Chief, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia

LISA E. ISHII, MD, MHS

Associate Professor, Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

CHRISTOPHER KLEM, MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery, University of Hawaii, John A Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii

ANN W. KUMMER, PhD, CCC-SLP, ASHA-F

Senior Director, Division of Speech-Language Pathology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Professor of Otolaryngology, Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

JEREMY D. MEIER, MD

Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah

JILL M. MERROW, MA, CCC-SLP

Speech-Language Pathologist, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, New York

DAVID M. MIRSKY, MD

Director, Pediatric Neuroradiology Fellowship, Assistant Professor of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado

LISA M. MORRIS, MD

Craniofacial/Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Craniofacial Foundation of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

HARLAN R. MUNTZ, MD

Professor of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah

CRAIG S. MURAKAMI, MD

Clinical Professor, Virginia Mason Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

LASZLO NAGY, MD

Associate Professor, Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatrics; Co-Chair, West Texas Craniofacial Center of Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas

KRISHNA G. PATEL, MD, PhD

Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina

BRIANNE ROBY, MD

Assistant Professor, Children’s ENT and Facial Plastic Surgery, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

HOWARD M. SAAL, MD, FAAP, FACMG

Professor, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

JAMES D. SIDMAN, MD

Professor, Children’s ENT and Facial Plastic Surgery, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

KATHLEEN C.Y. SIE, MD

Richard and Francine Loeb Endowed Chair in Childhood Communication Research, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

KEIMUN A. SLAUGHTER, MD

Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York; New England Laser and Cosmetic Surgery Center; Williams Center Plastic Surgery Specialists, Latham, New York; St Peter’s Hospital, Albany Memorial Hospital; Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, New York

SVEN-OLRIK STREUBEL, MD, MBA

Pediatric Otolaryngology and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado

JONATHAN M. SYKES, MD

Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California

TRAVIS T. TOLLEFSON, MD, MPH, FACS

Professor and Director, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California

JAMES C. WANG, MD, PhD

Research Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas; Resident Physician, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

EDWIN WILLIAMS III, MD

Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York; New England Laser and Cosmetic Surgery Center; Williams Center Plastic Surgery Specialists, Latham, New York; St Peter’s Hospital, Albany Memorial Hospital, Albany, New York

RYAN WINTERS, MD, FAAP

Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon, Surgery Service Line, Sunrise Health System and Sunrise Children’s Hospital, Las Vegas, Nevada