Preface: Pediatric Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery xiii

Sherard A. Tatum

Pediatric Facial Nerve Rehabilitation 487

Caroline A. Banks and Tessa A. Hadlock

Facial paralysis is a rare but severe condition in the pediatric population. Impaired facial movement has multiple causes and varied presentations, therefore individualized treatment plans are essential for optimal results. Advances in facial reanimation over the past 4 decades have given rise to new treatments designed to restore balance and function in pediatric patients with facial paralysis. This article provides a comprehensive review of pediatric facial rehabilitation and describes a zone-based approach to assessment and treatment of impaired facial movement.

Pediatric Facial Nerve Rehabilitation 487

Caroline A. Banks and Tessa A. Hadlock

Facial paralysis is a rare but severe condition in the pediatric population. Impaired facial movement has multiple causes and varied presentations, therefore individualized treatment plans are essential for optimal results. Advances in facial reanimation over the past 4 decades have given rise to new treatments designed to restore balance and function in pediatric patients with facial paralysis. This article provides a comprehensive review of pediatric facial rehabilitation and describes a zone-based approach to assessment and treatment of impaired facial movement.

Pediatric Septorhinoplasty 503

Jamie L. Funamura and Jonathan M. Sykes

In the appropriately selected patient, septorhinoplasty can benefit a pediatric patient presenting with significant nasal trauma, abscess, or mass that will likely result in a progressive deformity in the growing nose or with negative functional or psychosocial effect. Clinical and experimental observations support a conservative approach to cartilage scoring and resection in pediatric patients in which septorhinoplasty is deemed necessary.

Infantile Hemangiomas: Current Management 509

Marcelo Hochman

Management of infantile hemangiomas includes a combination of observation, medical therapy, laser treatments, and surgery. The nomenclature to describe these lesions has been standardized and should be adhered to. The goal of treatment is to obtain the best possible result commensurate with known developmental milestones. Current knowledge of the biology of these tumors as well as experience allows obtaining this goal. “Leave it alone, it will go away” is no longer universally acceptable advice for treatment of infantile hemangiomas.

Craniofacial Anomalies 523

Laszlo Nagy and Joshua C. Demke

Videos related to pediatric craniofacial surgical procedures (Video 1: Open approach for sagittal synostosis subtotal cranial vault recon without bone grafting and Video 2: Depicts endoscopic-assisted strip craniectomy with wedge craniectomy) accompany this article

Craniosynostosis, in which 1 or more cranial sutures prematurely fuse, is associated with diverse environmental and genetic factors. Whereas isolated single-suture synostosis is usually sporadic and nonfamilial, FGFR mutations account for most cases of syndromic craniosynostosis. This article reviews the etiology and various clinical manifestations of the most common isolated and syndromic forms of craniosynostosis, and provides a brief overview of genetics. Past and present surgical management approaches and techniques are examined in depth. Outcomes data in the recent literature are reviewed, and controversies in the field and promising trends in craniofacial surgery discussed.