Nails are composed of specialized keratin proteins. These keratins make a hard nail plate that is believed to be important for protection, grasp, and defense. Fingernails and toenails are made of the same keratin structure and in the same manner. The only difference is that the fingernails grow slightly faster than the toe-nails. The average thumbnail takes 6 months to replace itself, whereas the average great toenail takes 8 to 12 months.
Skin is also an important means of communication with other humans. The sense of touch is mediated through specialized receptors within the skin. One cannot underestimate the importance of this function in the formation of human relationships.
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